Preservation and Conservation of Chinese Traditional Paper-based Cultural Relics

ZHANG Qing-hao; YAN Yue-er; YANG Yu-liang

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2024.24.249

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Preservation and Conservation of Chinese Traditional Paper-based Cultural Relics

更新时间：2024-12-12

- Preservation and Conservation of Chinese Traditional Paper-based Cultural Relics
- Polymer Bulletin Vol. 37, Issue 12, Pages: 1683-1708(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  复旦大学中华古籍保护研究院，上海 200433
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2024.24.249
  CLC：
- Published：20 December 2024，
  
  Published Online：31 October 2024，
  
  Received：29 August 2024，
  
  Accepted：11 October 2024
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张晴皓, 闫玥儿, 杨玉良. 中国传统纸质文物的保护与修复研究. 高分子通报, 2024, 37(12), 1683–1708

Zhang, Q. H.; Yan, Y. E.; Yang, Y. L. Preservation and conservation of Chinese traditional paper-based cultural relics. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2024, 37(12), 1683–1708
张晴皓, 闫玥儿, 杨玉良. 中国传统纸质文物的保护与修复研究. 高分子通报, 2024, 37(12), 1683–1708 DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2024.24.249.

Zhang, Q. H.; Yan, Y. E.; Yang, Y. L. Preservation and conservation of Chinese traditional paper-based cultural relics. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2024, 37(12), 1683–1708 DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2024.24.249.

摘要

造纸术是古代中国的“四大发明”之一。中国传统纸是中华民族悠久历史文化的重要载体，其发展历程跨越了数千年。纸的发明对全人类文明的发展起到了巨大的推动作用。本文从人类书写材料的历史演变开始讲起，并聚焦于人类最为重要、最为普遍的书写介质——纸。首先简单回顾了中国传统造纸技术的传播简史，并依此评述了其对人类的文化交流和世界文明发展产生的深远影响。在此基础上，针对与中国传统纸工艺和纸性相关的诸多科学问题，结合纸质文物保护中的应用，对诸如纸寿的估计、纤维的沉降、帘纹的产生等一系列问题开展了讨论。同时，本文还着重介绍高分子和其他相关材料在纸质文物保护中的应用，为纸质文物的长期保存与科学修复提供了崭新的视角和新的解决方案。

Abstract

Papermaking is one of the four great inventions of ancient China. Traditional Chinese paper is an important carrier of the long history and culture of the Chinese nation

and its development has spanned thousands of years. The invention of paper has played a great role in promoting the development of human civilization. This review begins with the historical evolution of human writing materials

and focuses on paper

the most important and common writing medium for human beings. In detail

this review first briefly looks back t

he history about the spreading of traditional Chinese papermaking technology

and accordingly comments on its far-reaching impact on human cultural communications and the development of world civilization. On this basis

this review discusses a series of issues such as the estimation of paper lifetime

the settling of fibers

the production of curtains

etc.

in the light of many scientific problems related to traditional Chinese papermaking technology and paper properties

combined with the application of paper relics conservation. Furthermore

this review also focuses on the use of polymers and other related materials in the conservation of paper-based cultural relics. It provides a fresh perspective and new solutions for the long-term preservation and scientific restoration of paper-based cultural relics.

关键词

中国传统纸造纸技艺与纸张性能耐久性与纸寿估计纸质文物保护与修复

Keywords

Traditional Chinese paperPapermaking craft and paper propertiesDurability and paper-lifetime estimationPaper relics conservation

references

张堩帛. 中西方写本诞生及发展的“地利人和”. 文化创新比较研究, 2022, 6(13), 51–54.

吕晓芳. 桦树皮文献保护修复概述. 中国文物保护技术协会第九次学术年会论文集, 2016, 136–144.

韩树峰. 汉晋时期文书书写材料的变化. 档案学通讯, 2001, (1), 77–79.

令狐若明. 古埃及人的书写材料和书写工具. 世界历史, 2002, (5), 111–116.

Mokhtar, G. 非洲通史: 非洲古代文明第2卷. 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司, 1984, 161.

毛佳鹏. 中世纪早期地中海地区书写材料的交流. 首都师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2011, (S1), 193–196.

钱存训. 书于竹帛: 中国古代的文字记录. 上海: 上海书店出版社, 2006, 116–128.

王珊. 中国古代造纸术在“东亚文化圈” 的传播与发展. 华东纸业, 2009, 40(6), 19–23.

Hubbe, M.; Bowden, C. Handmade paper: a review of its history, craft, and science. BioResources, 2009, 4(4), 1736–1792.

万安伦, 王剑飞, 杜建君. 中国造纸术在“一带一路” 上的传播节点、路径及逻辑探源. 现代出版, 2018, (6), 72–77.

万安伦, 周杨, 翟钦奇. 试论中国造纸术和印刷术与欧洲文艺复兴之关系. 教育传媒研究, 2020, (1), 34–39.

李杰. 从书写材料和书写工具看汉字的流变. 历史教学(上半月刊), 2016, 11, 66–70.

Mark Kurlansky. 一阅千年: 纸的历史. 吴奕俊, 何梓健, 朱顺辉. 北京: 中信出版社, 2019, 107–108+115–125.

Gharehkhani, S.; Sadeghinezhad, E.; Kazi, S. N.; Yarmand, H.; Badarudin, A.; Safaei, M. R.; Zubir, M. N. M. Basic effects of pulp refining on fiber properties—a review. Carbohydr. Polym., 2015, 115, 785–803.

刘鹏, 章若红, 江艳, 刘峻, 孙梦捷, 闫玥儿, 唐颐. 改良铜乙二胺法应用于手工纸特性黏度和聚合度测定的适用性探讨. 文物保护与考古科学, 2019, 31(6), 1–5.

Terrett, O. M.; Dupree, P. Covalent interactions between lignin and hemicelluloses in plant secondary cell walls. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 2019, 56, 97–104.

Fan, Q. D.; Wei, W.; Li, Y. C.; Li, L. G.; Huang, W. W.; Wang, J. H.; Cao, Y.; Zhou, Z. W. Biomimetic bridging for reconstructing biomass components toward significantly enhanced films from the full composition of bamboo. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 2023, 11(8), 3228–3237.

詹怀宇. 纤维化学与物理. 北京: 科学出版社, 2005, 134–137.

Yan, Y. E.; Wen, C. Q.; Jin, M.; Duan, L.; Zhang, R. H.; Luo, C.; Xiao, J. F.; Ye, Z. Q.; Gao, B. X.; Liu, P.; Tang, Y. FTIR spectroscopy in cultural heritage studies: non-destructive analysis of Chinese handmade papers. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ., 2019, 35(4), 586–591.

张旭, 闫玥儿, 张春梅, 杨光辉, 唐颐. 延安时期红色文献的红外光谱无损检测研究. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2022, 42(10), 3097–3102.

Zhang, X.; Yan, Y. E.; Yao, J. J.; Jin, S. T.; Tang, Y. Chemistry directs the conservation of paper cultural relics. Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 2023, 207, 110228.

Baty, J.; Maitland, C.; Minter, W.; Hubbe, M.; Jordan-Mowery, S. Deacidification for the conservation and preservation of paper-based works: a review. BioResources, 2010, 5(3), 1955–2023.

Ahn, K.; Hennniges, U.; Banik, G.; Potthast, A. Is cellulose degradation due to β-elimination processes a threat in mass deacidification of library books?Cellulose, 2012, 19(4), 1149–1159.

Kolar, J. Mechanism of autoxidative degradation of cellulose. Restaurator, 1997, 18(4), 163–176.

Jablonsky, M.; Šima, J. Oxidative degradation of paper–a minireview. J. Cult. Herit., 2021, 48, 269–276.

Yao, J. J.; Zhang, R. H.; Luo, C.; Yan, Y. E.; Bi, N.; Tang, Y. Deterioration of Kaihua handmade paper: evolution of molecular, supermolecular and macroscopic structures. Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 2022, 195, 109773.

Zhang, X.; Liu, P.; Yan, Y. E.; Yao, J. J.; Tang, Y.; Yang, Y. L. Degradation of Chinese handmade papers with different fiber raw materials on molecular and supramolecular structures. Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 2023, 211, 110330.

Zou, X.; Gurnagul, N.; Uesaka, T.; Bouchard, J. Accelerated aging of papers of pure cellulose: mechanism of cellulose degradation and paper embrittlement. Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 1994, 43(3), 393–402.

Feller, R. L.; Lee, S. B.;Bogaard, J. Historic Textile and Paper Materials. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986, Chapter 18, 329–347.

Shafizadeh, F.; Bradbury, A. G. W. Thermal degradation of cellulose in air and nitrogen at low temperatures. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1979, 23(5), 1431–1442.

Calvini, P. The influence of levelling-off degree of polymerisation on the kinetics of cellulose degradation. Cellulose, 2005, 12(4), 445–447.

Calvini, P.; Gorassini, A.; Merlani, A. L. Autocatalytic degradation of cellulose paper in sealed vessels. Restaurator, 2007, 28(1), 47–54.

Zervos, S.; Moropoulou, A. Methodology and criteria for the evaluation of paper conservation interventions: a literature review. Restaurator, 2006, 27(4), 219–274.

Rasch, R. H.; Scribner, B. W. Comparison of natural aging of paper with accelerated aging by heating. Bur. Stand. J. Res., 1933, 11(6), 727.

Shahani, C. J.; Lee, S. B.; Hengemihle, F. H.; Harrison, G.; Song, P. A new accelerated aging test for comparing the permanence of different papers. Stud. Conserv., 2002, 47(supplement2), 16.

金姗姗, 王思浓, 张红东, 杨玉良. 基于纸寿预测的中国传统手工纸脱酸效果的综合评价. 化学学报, 2023, 81(12), 1681–1686.

Yao, J. J.; Sun, M. J.; Yan, Y. E. Degradation of handmade paper: Exploration of water adsorption behavior and estimation of lifespan based on time-temperature-humidity superposition. Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 2024, 229, 110953.

金超. 碱法制浆对荛花纤维织构性能、悬浮性能与耐久性的影响. 博士学位论文, 上海: 复旦大学, 2022.

Luo, Y. J.; Cigić, I. K.; Wei, Q.; Strlič, M. Characterisation and durability of contemporary unsized Xuan paper. Cellulose, 2021, 28(2), 1011–1023.

Seth, R. S. Effect of fiber length and coarseness on the tensile strength of wet webs: a statistical geometry explanation. Tappi J., 1995.

易晓辉, 田周玲, 闫智培. 五种清代内府刻书用纸样品纤维显微分析与鉴别. 文物保护与考古科学, 2018, 30(6), 53–64.

潘吉星. 中国造纸史话. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1998, 17–18.

徐文娟, 陈元生. 漂白对宣纸性能影响的研究. 文物保护与考古科学, 2007, 19(2), 20–25.

Gierer, J. Formation and involvement of superoxide (O2-/ HO2·) and hydroxyl (OH·) radicals in TCF bleaching processes: a review. Holzforschung, 1997, 51(1), 34–46.

戴红旗, 毕松林, 李忠正. 漂白麦草浆的表面化学特性. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 26(2), 29–31.

McCormick-Goodhart, M.; Wilhelm, H. The design and operation of a passive humidity-controlled cold storage vault using conventional freezer technology and moisture-sealed cabinets. Arch. Conf., 2004, 1(1), 176–182.

Plooy, D. du.; Adriaan, B. J. The influence of moisture content and temperature on the aging rate of paper. Appita J., 1981, 34, 289–292.

Małachowska, E.; Pawcenis, D.; Dańczak, J.; Paczkowska, J.; Przybysz, K. Paper ageing: the effect of paper chemical composition on hydrolysis and oxidation. Polymers, 2021, 13(7), 1029.

肖青, 万金泉. 干燥对二次纤维微观结构及其角质化的影响. 中华纸业, 2010, 31(4), 41–46.

田周玲, 易晓辉, 任珊珊, 龙堃, 张铭, 闫智培. 加速老化条件下湿度对纸张性能的影响. 纸和造纸, 2017, 36(1), 18–23.

Wen, Y. B.; Yuan, Z. Y.; Qu, J. L.; Wang, C. P.; Wang, A. Evaluation of ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide enhanced ozone oxidation treatment for the production of cellulose nanofibrils. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 2020, 8(7), 2688–2697.

Malešič, J.; Kolar, J.; Strlič, M.; Kočar, D.; Fromageot, D.; Lemaire, J.; Haillant, O. Photo-induced degradation of cellulose. Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 2005, 89(1), 64–69.

Afsharpour, M.; Hadadi, M. Titanium dioxide thin film: environmental control for preservation of paper-art-works. J. Cult. Herit., 2014, 15(5), 569–574.

Vellingiri, K.; Szulejko, J. E.; Kumar, P.; Kwon, E. E.; Kim, K. H.; Deep, A.; Boukhvalov, D. W.; Brown, R. J. C. Metal organic frameworks as sorption media for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds at ambient conditions. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, 27813.

李晓岑. 浇纸法与抄纸法: 中国大陆保存的两种不同造纸技术体系. 自然辩证法通讯, 2011, 33(5), 76–82.

刘仁庆. 关于手工纸“纸药” 的研究. 中华纸业, 2010, 31(13), 72–75.

Costa Reis, M. Ion activity models: the Debye-Hückel equation and its extensions. ChemTexts, 2021, 7(2), 9.

Wolery, T. J. Electrolyte theory, Geochemistry. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998, 187–189.

Kontogeorgis, G. M.; Maribo-Mogensen, B.; Thomsen, K. The Debye-Hückel theory and its importance in modeling electrolyte solutions. Fluid Phase Equilib., 2018, 462, 130–152.

贺超海, 王珊, 李晓岑, 李玮. 吴煦档案中水印纸的考察和分析. 中国造纸, 2019, 38(8), 40–45.

刘仁庆. 论白鹿纸与白鹿宣: 古纸研究遗补之一. 纸和造纸, 2015, 34(2), 60–64.

Liu, Z.; Liu, K. Reproducing ancient Chinese ink depending on gelatin/chitosan and modern experimental methodology. Herit. Sci., 2022, 10(1), 110.

张宏斌, 高自港, 赵海波, 吴春芳, 王毅, 倪建明, 沈文静, 杨光辉. 古籍保护视野下的墨科学检测研究与探索. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2021, 60(5), 695–702.

张宏斌, 余辉, 唐颐, 杨光辉. 松烟和油烟的表面化学性质研究. 文物保护与考古科学, 2018, 30(1), 91–99.

高旭日, 吴春芳, 刘鹏, 张宏斌. 古籍墨迹的老化检测及其模拟实验研究. 文物保护与考古科学, 2023, 35(4), 52–61.

Chu, N. S. H.; Tai, C. L. MoXi: real-time ink dispersion in absorbent paper. ACM Trans. Graph., 2005, 24(3), 504–511.

吴春芳. 写印材料模型构建及其写印性能研究. 博士学位论文, 上海: 复旦大学,2024.

潘芊芊, 刘铮峰, 周文华, 施继龙. 豆浆水浓度对宣纸润墨性能影响初探. 北京印刷学院学报, 2023, 31(6), 12–16.

赵代胜, 刘晓兵, 殷春前. 宣纸润墨性测试方法标准研究. 中华纸业, 2014, 35(14), 36–39.

刘云飞, 彭毓秀, 顾锡爵, 周曼. 纸张纤维取向的微波测试分析. 中国造纸, 1995, 14(6), 28–31.

孙加振, 邝旻翾, 宋延林. 喷墨打印中“咖啡环” 效应的调控及应用. 化学进展, 2015, 27(8), 979–985.

Yang, Q.; Deng, M. M.; Li, H. Z.; Li, M. Z.; Zhang, C.; Shen, W. Z.; Li, Y. N.; Guo, D.; Song, Y. L. Highly reproducible SERS arrays directly written by inkjet printing. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(2), 421–425.

Caruso, M. R.; D’Agostino, G.; Milioto, S.; Cavallaro, G.; Lazzara, G. A review on biopolymer-based treatments for consolidation and surface protection of cultural heritage materials. J. Mater. Sci., 2023, 58(32), 12954–12975.

Marques, A. P. S.; Almeida, R. O.; Pereira, L. F. R.; Carvalho, M. G. V. S.; Gamelas, J. A. F. Nanocelluloses and their applications in conservation and restoration of historical documents. Polymers, 2024, 16(9), 1227.

Völkel, L.; Ahn, K.; Hähner, U.; Gindl-Altmutter, W.; Potthast, A. Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation. Herit. Sci., 2017, 5(1), 23.

Poulose, A.; Parameswaranpillai, J.; George, J. J.; Gopi, J. A.; Krishnasamy, S.; Midhun Dominic, C. D.; Hameed, N.; Salim, N. V.; Radoor, S.; Sienkiewicz, N. Nanocellulose: a fundamental material for science and technology applications. Molecules, 2022, 27(22), 8032.

Camargos, C. H. M.; Figueiredo, J. C. D.; Pereira, F. V. Cellulose nanocrystal-based composite for restoration of lacunae on damaged documents and artworks on paper. J. Cult. Herit., 2017, 23, 170–175.

Xu, Q.; Poggi, G.; Resta, C.; Baglioni, M.; Baglioni, P. Grafted nanocellulose and alkaline nanoparticles for the strengthening and deacidification of cellulosic artworks. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2020, 576, 147–157.

Ma, X. C.; Zhu, Z. D.; Zhang, H. C.; Tian, S. L.; Li, X. H.; Fan, H. M.; Fu, S. Y. Superhydrophobic and deacidified cellulose/CaCO3-derived granular coating toward historic paper preservation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2022, 207, 232–241.

Nechyporchuk, O.; Kolman, K.; Bridarolli, A.; Odlyha, M.; Bozec, L.; Oriola, M.; Campo-Francés, G.; Persson, M.; Holmberg, K.; Bordes, R. On the potential of using nanocellulose for consolidation of painting canvases. Carbohydr. Polym., 2018, 194, 161–169.

Völkel, L.; Beaumont, M.; Johansson, L. S.; Czibula, C.; Rusakov, D.; Mautner, A.; Teichert, C.; Kontturi, E.; Rosenau, T.; Potthast, A. Assessing fire-damage in historical papers and alleviating damage with soft cellulose nanofibers. Small, 2022, 18(13), 2105420.

Camargos, C. H. M.; Poggi, G.; Chelazzi, D.; Baglioni, P.; Rezende, C. A. Protective coatings based on cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose nanocrystals, and lignin nanoparticles for the conservation of cellulosic artifacts. ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2022, 5(9), 13245–13259.

易晓辉, 闫智培, 张铭, 龙堃. 两种纳米纤维素对老化文献纸张的加固性能研究. 纤维素科学与技术, 2017, 25(3), 8–13.

Zhong, C. Y. Industrial-scale production and applications of bacterial cellulose. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 2020, 8, 605374.

Santos, S. M.; Carbajo, J. M.; Gómez, N.; Quintana, E.; Ladero, M.; Sánchez, A.; Chinga-Carrasco, G.; Villar, J. C. Use of bacterial cellulose in degraded paper restoration. Part I: application on model papers. J. Mater. Sci., 2016, 51(3), 1541–1552.

Santos, S. M.; Carbajo, J. M.; Gómez, N.; Quintana, E.; Ladero, M.; Sánchez, A.; Chinga-Carrasco, G.; Villar, J. C. Use of bacterial cellulose in degraded paper restoration. Part II: application on real samples. J. Mater. Sci., 2016, 51(3), 1553–1561.

Santos, S. M.; Carbajo, J. M.; Gómez, N.; Ladero, M.; Villar, J. C. Paper reinforcing by in situ growth of bacterial cellulose. J. Mater. Sci., 2017, 52(10), 5882–5893.

Zhang, X.; Yao, J. J.; Yan, Y. E.; Huang, X. Z.; Zhang, Y. H.; Tang, Y.; Yang, Y. L. Reversible deacidification and preventive conservation of paper-based cultural relics by mineralized bacterial cellulose. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16(10), 13091–13102.

Cavallaro, G.; Lazzara, G.; Milioto, S.; Parisi, F. Halloysite nanotubes as sustainable nanofiller for paper consolidation and protection. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2014, 117(3), 1293–1298.

Zhang, J.; Zhang, D. H.; Zhang, X. G. UV-0/HPC laminated coatings for protection of cellulosed-based cultural heritage against UV rays. Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 2020, 177, 109169.

Yang, Z. H.; Zhang, J. J.; Qi, Y. P.; Shen, Y. F.; Li, H. Application of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose-methyl methacrylate copolymer emulsion in paper protection. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J., 2022, 37(2), 282–289.

Chen, Q.; Wen, W. Y.; Qiu, F. X.; Xu, J. C.; Yu, H. Q.; Chen, M. L.; Yang, D. Y. Preparation and application of modified carboxymethyl cellulose Si/polyacrylate protective coating material for paper relics. Chem. Pap., 2016, 70(7), 946–959.

Egil, A. C.; Ozdemir, B.; Gunduz, S. K.; Altıkatoglu-Yapaoz, M.; Budama-Kilinc, Y.; Mostafavi, E. Chitosan/calcium nanoparticles as advanced antimicrobial coating for paper documents. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2022, 215, 521–530.

Zhao, H. B.; Liu, P.; Huang, Y. Y.; Zhang, H. B. Nanocomposites composed of modified natural polymer and inorganic nanomaterial for safe, high-efficiency, multifunctional protection of paper-based relics. Sci. China Technol. Sci., 2023, 66(8), 2225–2236.

赵海波. 淀粉基粘合剂在书画装裱中的应用研究. 博士学位论文, 上海: 复旦大学,2024.

Zhao, H. B.; Zhang, H. B.; Xu, Q.; Zhang, H. D.; Yang, Y. L. Thermal, rheological, structural and adhesive properties of wheat starch gels with different potassium alum contents. Molecules, 2023, 28(18), 6670.

Zhao, H. B.; Xu, Q.; Yan, T. L.; Zhang, H. D.; Yang, Y. L. Effect of bletilla striata polysaccharide on the pasting, rheological and adhesive properties of wheat starch. Polymers, 2023, 15(24), 4721.

Views

219

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰