Design and Applications of Macroporous Hydrogels: Fabrication Strategies and Functional Implementation

GUO Kai-qiang; XUE Bin; CAO Yi

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.25.359

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Design and Applications of Macroporous Hydrogels: Fabrication Strategies and Functional Implementation

更新时间：2026-03-02

- Design and Applications of Macroporous Hydrogels: Fabrication Strategies and Functional Implementation
- Polymer Bulletin Vol. 39, Issue 3, Pages: 325-340(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  南京大学物理学院固体微结构国家重点实验室　南京　 210093
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.25.359
  CLC：
- Received：08 December 2025，
  
  Accepted：02 January 2026，
  
  Online First：03 February 2026，
  
  Published：20 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
郭凯强, 薛斌, 曹毅. 大孔水凝胶的制备方法与应用设计策略. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(3), 325-340.

Guo, K. Q.; Xue, B.; Cao, Y. Design and applications of macroporous hydrogels: fabrication strategies and functional implementation. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(3), 325-340.
郭凯强, 薛斌, 曹毅. 大孔水凝胶的制备方法与应用设计策略. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(3), 325-340. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.25.359.

Guo, K. Q.; Xue, B.; Cao, Y. Design and applications of macroporous hydrogels: fabrication strategies and functional implementation. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(3), 325-340. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.25.359.

摘要

大孔水凝胶凭借其开放连通的微观结构、优异的负载与传质能力以及可编程的仿生微环境，在药物递送、三维细胞培养及组织工程等领域展现出巨大应用潜力。本文系统梳理了大孔水凝胶的主要制备方法，包括固体模板法、气体发泡法、冷冻凝胶法、相分离法以及3D打印法，重点总结了各类方法在孔径、孔隙率及孔间连通性方面的调控机理与实现途径。同时，结合典型研究案例，深入讨论了大孔水凝胶在模量调控、生物分子修饰以及大孔微环境设计等方面的应用设计策略，展示了其在构建仿生系统和推动生物医学前沿发展中的独特优势，为大孔水凝胶的结构设计及功能化应用提供参考。

Abstract

Macroporous hydrogels

characterized by interconnected micron-scale pores

offer superior mass transport

high loading capacity

and programmable microenvironments

enabling broad applications in drug delivery

3D cell culture

and tissue engineering. This review summarizes major fabrication strategies for macroporous hydrogels

including solid templating

gas foaming

cryogelation

phase separation

and 3D printing. The mechanisms and controllability of pore size

porosity

and interconnectivity across different methods are systematically compared. In addition

we highlight representative design principles for modulating hydrogel mechanics

incorporating bioactive molecules

and engineering pore-level microenvironments. These advances demonstrate how macroporous architectures enhance cellular infiltration

nutrient exchange

and spatiotemporal biochemical signaling

thereby supporting the construction of biomimetic model systems and promoting tissue regeneration. This review provides a comprehensive framework for guiding structural design and functional optimization of macroporous hydrogels in emerging biomedical applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

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