最新刊期
卷 38 ， 期 7 ， 2025
- 摘要：Polymer derived ceramics is a new type of ceramic materials obtained by high temperature pyrolysis of polymer precursor. It not only has good thermal stability, corrosion resistance, creep resistance and other high temperature characteristics, excellent semiconductor properties and high piezoresistivity coefficient and other functional characteristics, but also has the designability and processability of components. It is a kind of sensor materials with great application potential in high temperature environment. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of polymer derived ceramics in the field of high temperature sensing in recent years, analyzes the microstructure characteristics and sensing mechanism of polymer derived ceramics closely related to high temperature sensing, discusses the electrical, high temperature and mechanical properties of polymer derived ceramics and the corresponding control means, and focuses on the recent research status of its application as various sensors in the field of high temperature in recent years. Finally, the future application prospect of the intelligent sensing structure/function integrated material in extreme environment is prospected.关键词：Polymer derived ceramics;High temperature sensor;Sensor;Microstructure;Functional characteristics117|91|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：The large-scale application of renewable energy is a necessary condition for realizing the goal of “dual-carbon”, and the rational storage and distribution of these energies is the key to building an efficient energy system. Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) have good application prospects in the field of advanced energy storage, such as secondary batteries and supercapacitors, owing to their unique synthesis paths and microstructures, strong compositional structure modulation, and good thermal and chemical stability. This review summarizes the current status of the application of polymer-derived ceramics in the field of advanced energy storage and reviews the domestic and international research progress on polymer-derived ceramics in lithium-ion batteries, sodium/potassium-ion batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur/selenium batteries, zinc-air batteries, and supercapacitors based on the development history of polymer-derived ceramics, their preparation methods, microstructures, structure-property correlations, and development trends.关键词：Polymer-derived ceramics;Energy storage;Secondary batteries;Supercapacitors;Electrode materials98|268|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：Ultra-high temperature ceramic polymer precursors, as key raw materials in the precursor infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) process, significantly influence the microstructure and properties of the resulting ceramic matrix after pyrolysis, thereby affecting the performance of the subsequently prepared ceramic matrix composites. Based on the classification of transition metal atoms at different sites and their formed structures in the precursor, this paper reviews recent domestic and international research progress in the design strategies and chemical synthesis methods of zirconium-based, hafnium-based, and high-entropy ceramic matrix ultra-high temperature ceramic polymer precursors. The effects of different precursor structures and their synthesis methods on solubility, ceramic yield, performance, and process difficulty are analyzed. The analysis indicates that existing precursor design and synthesis methods still face limitations in the large-scale production of high-performance ceramic matrix composites. Furthermore, future development directions for the structural design and synthesis methods of ultra-high temperature ceramic polymer precursors are discussed, providing a reference for the industrial preparation of high-performance ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites.关键词：Ultra-high temperature ceramic precursors;Zirconium-based ceramics;Hafnium-based ceramics;High-entropy ceramics;Ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites102|105|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：Polysilazane (PSN), as a precursor polymer that can be converted into inorganic ceramics, exhibits great application potential in the fields of extreme environment protective coatings, composites, and functional ceramics due to its multi-path conversion characteristics, high ceramic yield, and flexible material forms.This article focuses on the latest advancements in the application research of polysilazane, emphasizing its critical role as a ceramic precursor for ceramic coatings (such as SiO2, SiCN, SiON, SiNx, etc.) in high-temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion protection, thermal barrier performance, and flexible organic electronic packaging. It comprehensively reviews the latest breakthroughs in the conversion of polysilazane into ceramic-based structures and functional composites, and summarizes the innovative applications of polysilazane in emerging fields such as energy storage, catalysis, and photocurable additive manufacturing. Finally, the development directions of polysilazane materials in terms of their development and application are highlighted.关键词：Polysilazane;Ceramic coating;Organic coating;Ceramic matrix composites;Ceramic aerogel133|149|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：The polymer precursor conversion method has propelled the development of SiBCN ceramics in various fields including high-temperature structural materials, functional coatings, thermal management materials, and high-temperature sensors. The design of the molecular structure of the precursor polysilazane enables the regulation of the microstructure and composition of SiBCN ceramics. This review summarizes the synthesis methods of SiBCN ceramic precursors (polysilazanes), doping routes of heteroatoms, and processing and applications of SiBCN ceramics. It also explores the relationship between the molecular structure of the precursor, heteroatoms, and the microstructure of the resulting SiBCN ceramics. Finally, the current challenges in the research on polysilazanes and their derived SiBCN ceramics are summarized, and potential future directions are discussed in light of future demands.关键词：Precursor derived ceramics;Polyborosilazane;SiBCN;Polymer molecular design;Functional ceramics83|57|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：Polymer precursor derived ceramic routes, which represent a significant method in ceramic fabrication, have garnered considerable attention. Extensive investigations have been conducted to elucidate the precursor conversion process and its underlying mechanism. However, owing to the complexity of the process and the limitations of the experimental methods, a clear understanding of the microstructural evolution of the precursors during conversion remains elusive. Recent advances have led to the implementation of computational simulation techniques in the study of precursor-derived ceramics with the objective of facilitating a more nuanced understanding of the precursor conversion process. Based on the underlying computational principles, these methodologies can be broadly categorized into two primary categories: quantum chemical calculations and molecular force field simulations. This review will delineate the application and advancements of various computational simulation methods in polymer precursor derived ceramic research, categorized according to both computational principles and specific tasks. Furthermore, the characteristics of each method are summarized as a reference for researchers to select appropriate computational simulation techniques for their research.关键词：Polymer precursor derived ceramics;Theoretical calculations;Quantum chemistry;Molecular dynamics43|76|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：Silicon carbide fibers have demonstrated extensive application potential in the aerospace and nuclear fields due to their remarkable high-temperature oxidation resistance, high strength, and favorable thermal stability. In recent years, research focused on introducing refractory metal heteroelements into precursors to enhance the high-temperature resistance performance of silicon carbide fibers has attracted significant attention. In this study, liquid polycarbosilane (LPCS) and hafnium acetylacetonate (Hf(AcAc)4) were subjected to pyrolysis and rearrangement under normal pressure and elevated temperature conditions, leading to the synthesis of hafnium-containing polycarbosilane (PHCS) precursor. Subsequently, through the processes of melt spinning, air curing, pyrolysis, and high-temperature sintering, hafnium-containing SiC ceramic fibers were successfully fabricated. The experimental results indicate that Hf(AcAc)4 functions as a cross-linking assistant in the reaction. The formed Si―O―Hf bonds augment the cross-linking degree of the precursor, and the ceramic yield of the prepared PHCS reaches 77.42%, which is notably higher than that of PCS (61.4%). Fiber cross-linking was achieved via air curing, and Si―C―O―Hf fibers were successfully obtained during the pyrolysis process at 1200 ℃. These fibers possess a smooth surface and a defect-free structure, with an average diameter of 15.8 μm and an average tensile strength of 1.85 GPa. Research on the high-temperature performance of hafnium-containing silicon carbide fibers reveals that after treatment at 1400 and 1600 ℃, the strength retention rates are 81% and 68%, respectively, exhibiting excellent high-temperature resistance performance and higher strength retention rates compared to Si―C―O fibers. In the Si―C―O―Hf fibers subjected to high-temperature heat treatment at 1900 ℃, Hf exists in the forms of Hf―O bonds and Hf―C bonds. The degree of SiC crystallization is enhanced, the grain size of SiC increases, the fiber diameter decreases, and the structure gradually becomes denser. This research holds certain reference value for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance performance of silicon carbide ceramic fibers.关键词：SiC ceramic fiber;Hafnium doped polycarbosilane;Precursor-derived conversion;High-temperature sintering72|54|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：Precursor-derived SiBCN aerogel is an ideal ultra-high-temperature insulation material due to its unique pore structure, low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal stability. However, it is prone to occur crystallization and decomposition reactions under high-temperature environments, resulting in destruction of porous structure and deterioration of performance. In this work, a (Zr, Hf)C/SiBCN hybrid aerogel was prepared by solvothermal reaction, freeze-drying, pyrolysis and thermal treatment using polyborosilazane as precursor, (Zr, Hf)C precursor synthesized by wet chemical method as metal source, divinylbenzene as crosslinking agent and carbon source. The (Zr, Hf)C/SiBCN hybrid aerogel possesses a typical pearl necklace-like porous structure with a specific surface area of 74.33 m2/g and the pore size of ~20 nm, and these mesopores are formed by gelation reaction during solvothermal process. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the (Zr, Hf)C phase is formed by the carbothermal reduction reaction between the (Zr, Hf)C precursor and the highly active free carbon in the system. This work provides new route and technical support for the preparation of multi-metal elements modified SiBCN-based aerogels.关键词：SiBCN aerogel;(Zr, Hf)C precursor;Carbothermal reduction reaction;High temperature phase evolution43|48|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：In this study, high-entropy diboride ceramic precursor was prepared by sol-gel method using sorbitol as the carbon source, boric acid as the boron source and coordinated-metal copolymer (PNME) as the metal source. Subsequently, high-entropy diboride ceramic powders (Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta)B2 with uniform elemental distributions were obtained by curing and high-temperature pyrolysis. To further investigate the pyrolysis behavior of the obtained high-entropy diboride ceramic precursors, the crystalline phase compositions of the pyrolysis products obtained at 600 ℃ to 1900 ℃ were characterized, and the sequence of the pyrolysis reactions was deduced by combining with theoretical calculations of the thermodynamics theory to validate the experimental results. The results showed that during the pyrolysis process of precursors, both carbothermal reduction and boron-carbothermal reduction reactions occurred and competed with each other. With the temperature increased, the boron-carbothermal reduction reaction became dominant. Consequently, the carbides in the product were ultimately transformed into diborides and further converted into a single-phase high-entropy diboride through solid solution reaction. This study not only provides a new method for the preparation of high-entropy diboride ceramic powders but also offers theoretical insights into the pyrolysis behavior and mechanisms of high-entropy diboride ceramic precursors, which holds significant reference value for the application and optimization of high-performance ceramic materials.关键词：Sol-gel method;High entropy boride ceramics;Pyrolysis behavior;Carbothermal reduction;Boron-carbothermal reduction69|51|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：Polyethersulfone (PES) porous membranes were prepared by the reverse thermally induced phase separation (RTIPS) method. The effects of the addition amount of the nonsolvent polyethylene glycol (PEG200) and surface modification with polyvinyl alcohol-glutamic acid (PVA-GLU) coating on the structure and properties of the membranes were investigated. The results show that with the increase in the addition amount of the nonsolvent PEG200, the cloud point and the critical solubility temperature of the casting solution decreased. The finger shaped pores in the porous membrane prepared at a water bath temperature of 80 ℃ disappeared, presenting a fully sponge like pore structure, but with a larger surface pore size. After the surface was coated and cross-linked with PVA-GLU, the surface pore size decreased from (5.2±0.3) μm to (0.66±0.05) μm, while water permeability and long-term stability improved. The elongation at break of the membrane was increased from 5.8% to 14.0%, and the breaking strength was increased from 2.4 MPa to 3.2 MPa. The hydrophilicity of the modified membrane is improved, and the mechanical properties are enhanced.关键词：Polyether sulfone;Reverse thermally induced phase separation;Porous membrane;Coating;Hydrophilicity58|79|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：In order to overcome the disadvantages of low output force and low moisture content in ion polymer metal composites (IPMC). A multi-layer IPMC: THOPS nano Fe3O4 actuator based on porous and SiOPS ({SiO3/2-(CH2)3SO3H}n) structure was prepared by particle leaching method. The research results showed that the multilayer base film IPMC doped with 1 wt% Fe3O4 in the inner layer and 25 wt% THOPS (3-trihydroxyphenyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) in the outer layer exhibited excellent actuation performance, with an initial moisture content of 71.01% and an extended time to water equilibrium of 115 min, which was 2.36 and 5.57 times higher than that of pure Nafion based film IPMC; The maximum tip displacement, driving speed, and output force reached 20.467 mm/s, 0.127 mm/s, and 6.421 mN, respectively, which are 4.59, 3.97, and 7.82 times higher than those of pure Nafion based IPMC actuators. This is because the porous structure of the inner membrane increases the transport channels for water molecules, while the SiOPS structure of the outer membrane enhances the water absorption and mechanical strength of IPMC. In summary, this multi-layer structure can effectively improve the driving performance of IPMC and provide more possibilities for its future applications.关键词：Ionic polymer metal composites;3-Trihydroxyphenyl-1-probesulfonic acid;Nano-Fe3O4;Multilayer flexible actuator34|63|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：In the field of polymer science, many cutting-edge studies have no standards or research formulas, and the results are usually presented in a mixed form with a large number of subjective criteria and a small amount of objective data, making it difficult to scientifically evaluate the results in a conventional way. In this study, the in situ preparation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/polyacrylate (PAA)-based pyrolytic coatings was performed as a case study, and a comprehensive evaluation model consisting of three functional modules was constructed. According to the model, by quantifying and normalizing subjective and objective information and combining the indicator weights determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), each experimental case was examined in the form of quantitative data to scientifically evaluate the research results. The optimal preparation scheme for the PVC/PAA based pyrolysis coating was determined as follows: natural deposition, additional mold height of 900 μm, zinc oxide (ZnO) as a promoter, heating at 60 ℃ for 12 h, followed by pyrolysis at 250 ℃ for 1 h. The successful establishment of this evaluation model can provide new ideas and strategies for similar research.关键词：Subjective and objective information;Quantization and regularization;Analytic hierarchy process;Poly(vinyl chloride);Polyacrylate51|35|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：“Rubber elasticity” is one of the important chapters in Polymer Physics that connects the conformation and entropy elasticity of long-chain molecules. In the current textbooks of Polymer Physics, the conformation and contraction force of Gaussian chains, as well as the entropy change and stress of Gaussian chain networks are introduced, with some corrections of Gaussian statistical mechanics, but the non-Gaussian chains statistical mechanics and their approximate expressions are rarely referred to. Reviewed in this article are the sources of statistical mechanics of long Gaussian chains and non-Gaussian chains from the perspective of random walking, the distributions of end-to-end vector of freely jointed chains and self-avoiding random walking chains so as to make readers realize that the Gaussian chain network models are only a special case of the Stirling approximation to infinitely long chains, and that the statistical mechanics of non-Gaussian chains are more useful in describing the contributions of crosslinking density, chain stiffness, and intermolecular and/or intramolecular forces to the rubber elasticity.关键词：Rubber elasticity;Non-Gaussian chains;Random walking problem;Freely jointed chains;Excluded volume effects83|20|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：Pulp and Paper Technology Experiment is a required course for light chemistry and engineering, and is one of the important practical courses in cultivating outstanding engineering and technological talents with the ability to solve complex engineering problems in the fields of pulping and papermaking as well as have innovative thinking. However, traditional experiments are difficult to clarify the multi-factor interactive effects of the pulping process and the impact of pulp quality on paper quality, and the structural changes from macro to micro levels, the fiber dissociation, molecular degradation mechanism. It is also a challenge to conduct exploratory and autonomous experiments to enhance comprehensive practical abilities. Based on this, the virtual simulation experiment “Exploration of Paper Life—Virtual Simulation Experiment of Intangible Cultural Heritage Xuan Paper Production” was developed. It integrates the important knowledge points in the core courses of “Plant Fiber Chemistry”, “Pulping Principle and Engineering”, and “Papermaking Principle and Engineering”. By exploring the mystery of Xuan Paper life, the experiment designs cellulosic knowledge and practice chains. The interoperable experiment is focused on the critical process of sandalwood bark cooking and Xuan Paper production, meanwhile, integrates multiple knowledge points on the changes in plant fiber morphology and components during the chemical pulping process, as well as their impact on papermaking and paper mechanical performance, which aims at helping students enhance comprehension on professional theoretical knowledge, cultivate engineering thinking, improve experimental design capacities.关键词：Cellulose;Pulping and papermaking;Xuan Paper;Paper life;Virtual simulation46|54|0更新时间：2025-06-25
- 摘要：This article systematically reviews the processing methods and equipment as well as the new types of efficient additives and formulation systems needed for high-end manufacturing in the polymer industry, both domestically and internationally. Focusing on common guidance and shared scientific issues, it aims to break down the barriers among the courses of Polymer Processing, Rubber Technology, Polymer Additives and Formulation Design, and Fine Polymers and by optimizing the teaching syllabus, establishing a general case library, strengthening visual teaching methods, integrating ideological and political education content, as well as exploring a practice-oriented evaluation mechanism, finally to construct a polymer processing course group for high-end manufacturing, which can further support the sustainable development and curriculum construction of the polymer major and fully empower the cultivation of new quality productivity in the polymer field.关键词：Polymer industry;High-end manufacturing;Course group;Curriculum construction64|46|0更新时间：2025-06-25
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