Advances and Challenges in Multi-spectral Compatible Low-observable Coatings

YANG Shi-jia; LI Yao-dong; FENG Zeng-hui; CHEN Wen-rui; CHEN Jia-hui; XIAO Ming-ming; LIU Lan-xuan; WANG Yang

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.297

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Advances and Challenges in Multi-spectral Compatible Low-observable Coatings

更新时间：2026-01-28

- Advances and Challenges in Multi-spectral Compatible Low-observable Coatings
- Polymer Bulletin Vol. 39, Issue 2, Pages: 225-236(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国机械总院集团武汉材料保护研究所有限公司特种材料表面工程全国重点实验室　武汉 430030
  西北机电工程研究所　咸阳 712099
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.297
  CLC：
- Received：10 October 2025，
  
  Accepted：13 November 2025，
  
  Published Online：15 December 2025，
  
  Published：20 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨十嘉, 李耀东, 冯增辉, 陈文锐, 陈嘉荟, 肖明明, 刘兰轩, 汪洋. 多频谱兼容低可探测涂层研究进展与前沿挑战. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(2), 225–236.

Yang, S. J.; Li, Y. D.; Feng, Z. H.; Chen, W. R.; Chen, J. H.; Xiao, M. M.; Liu, L. X.; Wang, Y. Advances and challenges in multi-spectral compatible low-observable coatings. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(2), 225–236.
杨十嘉, 李耀东, 冯增辉, 陈文锐, 陈嘉荟, 肖明明, 刘兰轩, 汪洋. 多频谱兼容低可探测涂层研究进展与前沿挑战. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(2), 225–236. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.297.

Yang, S. J.; Li, Y. D.; Feng, Z. H.; Chen, W. R.; Chen, J. H.; Xiao, M. M.; Liu, L. X.; Wang, Y. Advances and challenges in multi-spectral compatible low-observable coatings. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(2), 225–236. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.297.

摘要

多频谱兼容低可探测涂层是应对现代多源侦察体系、提升军事装备战场生存能力的关键材料。综述从可见光、红外与雷达波段的隐身机理出发，系统总结了红外−可见光、红外−雷达以及红外−雷达−可见光全频谱兼容低可探测涂层的研究进展。重点分析了高分子基涂层中多频谱兼容的实现策略，包括微纳结构设计、光子晶体、超材料、仿生材料及多功能填料的应用，探讨了梯度复合结构与智能响应系统在解决频段间本征物理冲突方面的潜力。最后，总结了当前该领域在机理认知、环境适应性与工程化应用中所面临的挑战，并对未来发展趋势如智能自适应涂层、轻量化宽频隐身技术等方向进行了展望。

Abstract

Multispectral compatible low-observability coatings have become crucial for enhancing the survivability of military equipment against advanced multi-band detection systems. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress in coatings compatible with infrared-visible

infrared-radar

and full-spectrum infrared-radar-visible stealth capabilities. Beginning with the fundamental mechanisms of stealth across visible

infrared

and radar wavelengths

the article highlights material design strategies centered on polymer-based composite systems. Key approaches such as micro-nano structural design

photonic crystals

metamaterials

bio-inspired materials

and multi-functional fillers are discussed in detail

emphasizing their roles in achieving spectral compatibility. The potential of gradient composite architectures and stimulus-responsive smart systems in mitigating intrinsic physical conflicts between different bands is also examined. Finally

the review addresses persistent challenges including insufficient theoretical understanding

environmental adaptability

and scalability in practical applications. Future directions are proposed

focusing on intelligent adaptive coatings

lightweight wide-band stealth materials

and machine learning-assisted design for next-generation multispectral stealth platforms.

关键词

Keywords

references

Ma, H. X. ; Wang, J. Q. ; Wang, J. F. ; Shang, K. ; Yang, Y. ; Fan, Z. M . Blade-coated Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene films for pseudocapacitive energy storage and infrared stealth . Diam. Relat. Mater. , 2023 , 131 , 109587 .

罗巧玲 , 邵力文 , 林琴 , 王冬 , 付少海 . 原液着色生物基尼龙56纤维的制备及其可见光-近红外光谱性能 . 高分子学报 , 2025 , 56 ( 2 ), 322 – 330 .

Wang, B. X. ; Xu, C. Y. ; Duan, G. Y. ; Xu, W. ; Pi, F. W . Review of broadband metamaterial absorbers: f6rom principles, design strategies, and tunable properties to functional applications . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2023 , 33 ( 14 ), 2213818 .

马创 , 王振 , 王新宇 , 冯增辉 , 王新礼 , 刘兰轩 . 制备工艺参数对氟碳树脂/铝粉涂层红外发射率的影响 . 材料保护 , 2024 , 57 ( 6 ), 121 – 130 .

Cheng, Y. J. ; Sun, X. X. ; Yang, S. ; Wang, D. ; Liang, L. ; Wang, S. S. ; Ning, Y. H. ; Yin, W. L. ; Li, Y. B . Multifunctional elastic rGO hybrid aerogels for microwave absorption, infrared stealth and heat insulation . Chem. Eng. J. , 2023 , 452 , 139376 .

范锡宇 , 赵珍 , 马剑平 , 周雪琴 . 多层结构绿色植被高光谱伪装材料的设计与制备 . 材料导报 , 2025 , 39 ( 7 ), 219 – 226 .

李佳坤 , 李彦彬 , 张海瑞 . 防空导弹装备光学伪装效果评估 . 激光与红外 , 2019 , 49 ( 5 ), 605 – 610 .

周影影 . 耐温树脂基吸波材料的制备及性能研究 . 西北工业大学博士学位论文 , 2016 .

柴哲元 , 王子成 . 阻抗渐变型丙烯酸复合涂层的可控构筑及其5G高频波段低反射高效电磁屏蔽研究 . 高分子学报 , 2024 , 55 ( 1 ), 58 – 66 .

齐伦 . 耐高温红外低发射率涂层材料设计研究 . 电子科技大学博士学位论文 , 2022 .

Huang, Q. Q. ; Zhao, Y. ; Wu, Y. ; Zhou, M. ; Tan, S. J. ; Tang, S. L. ; Ji, G. B . A dual-band transceiver with excellent heat insulation property for microwave absorption and low infrared emissivity compatibility . Chem. Eng. J. , 2022 , 446 , 137279 .

Wu, Y. ; Tan, S. J. ; Zhao, Y. ; Liang, L. L. ; Zhou, M. ; Ji, G. B . Broadband multispectral compatible absorbers for radar, infrared and visible stealth application . Prog. Mater. Sci. , 2023 , 135 , 101088 .

Peng, H. ; Tan, S. J. ; Zhao, Y. ; Guan, X. M. ; Li, M. Y. ; Xiao, Y. ; Ji, G. B . A multi-scale hierarchically omnidirectional strategy to elevate crossband camouflage and anti-icing properties . Chem. Eng. J. , 2024 , 500 , 157515 .

Liu, C. C. ; Zhang, W. L. ; Zhao, Y. ; Lin, C. X. ; Zhou, K. ; Li, Y. M. ; Li, G. T . Urea-functionalized poly(ionic liquid) photonic spheres for visual identification of explosives with a smartphone . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2019 , 11 ( 23 ), 21078 – 21085 .

Liu, Y. M. ; Yang, X. ; Xuan, L. X. ; Men, W. W. ; Wu, X. ; Duan, Y. P . Performance and electromagnetic mechanism of radar- and infrared-compatible stealth materials based on photonic crystals . Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. , 2025 , 32 ( 3 ), 710 – 717 .

Wang, Z. Y. ; Wang, C. D. ; Hou, H. B. ; Liu, W. S. ; Nian, R. ; Sun, H. G. ; Chen, X. ; Cui, G. L . A facile fabrication of stimulus-responsive amorphous photonic crystals in the near-infrared region . Appl. Surf. Sci. , 2019 , 479 , 1014 – 1020 .

闫丹 , 邱丽莉 , 孟子晖 , 薛敏 , 董晓 . 微米级胶体晶体可控制备与红外波段光学特征研究 . 高分子学报 , 2018 , ( 6 ), 733 – 740 .

Ren, J. ; Xie, C. W. ; Zong, H. ; Zhang, S. F. ; Wu, S. L . Infrared stealth coating with tunable structural color based on ZnO spheres . Small , 2024 , 20 ( 49 ), 2403549 .

Mizukami, K. ; Kumamoto, Y . 3D printing of fiber composite sandwich metamaterial with spiral resonators for attenuation of low-frequency structural vibration . Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. , 2023 , 172 , 107594 .

Xie, Y. D. ; Liu, Z. M. ; Zhou, F. Q. ; Luo, X. ; Cheng, Z. Q. ; Yang, R. H. ; Cheng, J. ; Yang, G. X . A multifrequency narrow-band perfect absorber based on graphene metamaterial . Diam. Relat. Mater. , 2023 , 137 , 110100 .

Narjabadifam, A. ; Fakhrabadi, M. M. S . Graphyne-type nano-metamaterials: a comprehensive molecular dynamics simulation . Diam. Relat. Mater. , 2023 , 131 , 109572 .

Tan, C. ; Wen, Z. J. ; Zhang, J. G. ; Zhou, D. J. ; Qiu, Q. L. ; Han, M. K. ; Sun, Y. ; Dai, N. ; Hao, J. M . Deep-subwavelength multilayered meta-coatings for visible-infrared compatible camouflage . Nanophotonics , 2024 , 13 ( 13 ), 2391 – 2400 .

Zhang, J. J. ; Dong, H. ; Liu, B. ; Yang, D. L . Biomimetic materials for antibacterial applications . Small , 2025 , 21 ( 3 ), 2408543 .

Fu, S. Q. ; Zhang, W. ; Wu, Y. ; Tian, J. L. ; Liu, Q. L. ; Gu, J. J. ; Song, F. ; Osotsi, M. I. ; Zhang, D . Bioinspired porous anodic alumina/aluminum flake powder for multiband compatible low detectability . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2022 , 14 ( 6 ), 8464 – 8472 .

Xiao, Y. ; Tan, S. J. ; Qu, L. J. ; Guan, X. M. ; Wu, Q. F. ; Ji, G. B . Highly water-resistant coating for vegetation mimicry with sunlight spectrum and infrared compatibility . Appl. Surf. Sci. , 2025 , 686 , 162218 .

Wang, D. N. ; Li, S. B. ; Li, Y. K. ; Huang, H. H. ; Bai, C. H. ; Tao, S. P. ; Ma, L. ; Qiao, Z. N. ; Hu, C. Q. ; Zheng, W. T . Designing infrared phase change materials for colorful infrared transmittance modulators . Appl. Surf. Sci. , 2022 , 600 , 154104 .

Han, X. ; Yuan, L. ; Li, Y. ; Zhang, H. ; Xiao, L. M. ; Zhang, G. Q . Experimental studies on phase change and temperature-adjusting performance of phase change fabric clothing . Adv. Mech. Eng. , 2017 , 9 ( 6 ), 168781401770390 .

Elmore, D. L. ; Dluhy, R. A . Application of 2D IR correlation analysis to phase transitions in Langmuir monolayer films . Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects , 2000 , 171 ( 1-3 ), 225 – 239 .

Sbeah, Z. A. ; Sorathiya, V. ; Alwabli, A. ; Jaffar, A. Y. ; Aldosari, F. M. ; Faragallah, O. S . High-sensitive MXene and GST-based tunable refractive index sensor for the infrared and visible spectrum from multipurpose sensing applications . Phys. Scr. , 2025 , 100 ( 3 ), 035511 .

Wang, J. ; Wu, Z. X. ; Sun, X. Y. ; Tang, Z. Q. ; Wang, C. ; Yu, F. Y. ; Zhao, Z. R. ; Mao, J. ; Zhang, Q. ; Cao, F . Multi-band compatible camouflage enabled by phase transition modulation of flexible GST films . Chem. Eng. J. , 2024 , 499 , 156128 .

Wang, Y. J. ; Zhou, H. P. ; Gao, Y. X. ; Zhang, Z. ; Liu, S. Y. ; Zhong, S. J. ; Yu, M. J. ; Liu, J. J. ; Wang, C. G . Low-infrared-emissivity Al@SiO 2 /EPDM composite coating compatible with low dielectric loss and antistatic property . Infrared Phys. Technol. , 2022 , 121 , 104025 .

Zhou, H. P. ; Wang, Y. J. ; Gao, Y. X. ; Zhang, Z. ; Liu, S. Y. ; Wang, Y. Y. ; Yu, M. J. ; Wang, X. M. ; Wang, C. G . Low dielectric loss and infrared emissivity coating with enhanced mechanical property by grafting modification of EPDM . Infrared Phys. Technol. , 2022 , 125 , 104296 .

Wei, B. ; Weng, X. L. ; Yuan, L. ; Hu, J. W. ; Wang, Y. Q. ; Qi, L. ; Bi, M . Fabrication of Al/Ni core-shell pigments via galvanic displacement and their application in radar-infrared compatible stealth coatings . J. Mater. Res. Technol. , 2024 , 32 , 3246 – 3257 .

Li, Y. P. ; Ding, S. Z. ; An, Z. M. ; Xu, T. T. ; Zhang, R. B . Ultra-thin compatible stealth metacoating: graded control of radar and infrared waves under long-term high temperatures . Compos. Part B Eng. , 2025 , 297 , 112295 .

Solangi, N. H. ; Lingamdinne, L. P. ; Karri, R. R. ; Mubarak, N. M. ; Mazari, S. A. ; Koduru, J. R . Emerging 2D MXene quantum dots for catalytic conversion of CO 2 . Carbon , 2025 , 232 , 119758 .

王皓 , 刘子义 , 周青青 , 何朋 . Fe 3 O 4 -MXene的电磁波吸收性能 . 磁性材料及器件 , 2025 , 56 ( 2 ), 31 – 36 .

赵梓文 , 黄佳 , 唐秀之 . MXene负载柔性碳布及其电化学性能 . 材料工程 , 2025 , 53 ( 2 ), 167 – 174 .

Deng, Z. M. ; Jiang, P. Z. ; Wang, Z. G. ; Xu, L. ; Yu, Z. Z. ; Zhang, H. B . Scalable production of catecholamine-densified MXene coatings for electromagnetic shielding and infrared stealth . Small , 2023 , 19 ( 46 ), 2304278 .

Li, C. ; Liang, L. L. ; Zhang, B. S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ji, G. B . Magneto-dielectric synergy and multiscale hierarchical structure design enable flexible multipurpose microwave absorption and infrared stealth compatibility . Nanomicro Lett. , 2024 , 17 ( 1 ), 40 .

高茂国 , 刘睿 , 郭岩松 , 耿恒恒 , 陈鹏万 . HfZrTiTaAl系高熵合金动态变形、损伤及破坏行为 . 兵工学报 , 2025 , 46 ( 1 ), 290 – 300 .

笪强 , 马国政 , 康嘉杰 , 黄艳斐 , 周永宽 , 王海斗 . 耐磨耐蚀高熵合金涂层性能研究进展 . 材料导报 , 2024 , 38 ( 24 ), 196 – 205 .

Duan, Y. P. ; Chen, W. ; Pang, H. F. ; Sun, X. Y. ; Wang, M. ; Gong, J. ; Wang, J. G . Radar infrared-compatible camouflage performance of high-entropy alloy coating enhanced by double-layer hexagonal metasurface . Adv. Eng. Mater. , 2023 , 25 ( 14 ), 2201861 .

Gao, S. Y. ; Pang, X. M. ; Mu, S. ; Pu, J. B. ; Chen, C . Design and fabrication of laser cladding pomegranate bionic structure FeCoNiCrAl high entropy alloy/AlN ceramic high temperature radar-infrared compatible hidden composite coating . J. Alloys Compd. , 2025 , 1018 , 179166 .

张凯 , 李菁 , 冯凯 , 陈毅 , 杨刚 , 吴杨 , 周峰 . 超亲水防雨自清洁纳米溶胶涂层的制备及其应用研究 . 涂料工业 , 2025 , 55 ( 4 ), 81 – 88 .

鲍艳 , 谢梦爽 , 郭茹月 , 张婧 . VO 2 智能调温涂层的研究进展 . 材料导报 , 2025 , 39 ( 7 ), 58 – 64 .

刘佳鑫 . 微-宏观协同构筑碳化硅基耐高温电磁吸波材料及性能研究 . 青岛理工大学硕士学位论文 , 2024 .

Li, C. ; Liang, L. L. ; Yang, Y. ; Zhang, B. S. ; Ji, G. B . Interfacial engineering of core-shell structured FeCoNi@SnO 2 magnetic composites for tunable radar-infrared compatible stealth . Chem. Eng. J. , 2024 , 481 , 148354 .

Dou, Q. ; Zhang, X. H. ; Wang, Y. ; You, J. ; Jiang, W. ; Yang, J. ; Li, Q. ; Alexandrov, I. V . Structure control and growth mechanism of beaded SiC nanowires with microwave absorption properties . Mater. Sci. Eng. B , 2023 , 296 , 116657 .

Wei, J. ; Zhang, Y. B. ; Li, X. T. ; Hui, J. W. ; Zhang, H. ; Lei, W. W . Multifunctional flower-like Ni particles/silicon carbide nanowires for infrared radar compatible stealth performance . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 2023 , 641 , 414 – 427 .

张晓民 , 党小来 , 高红洁 , 陈天星 , 刘佳博 , 李嘉晨 , 刘晨曦 , 李修身 . 粉煤灰空心微珠@碳纳米管的吸波性能研究 . 化工矿物与加工 , 2025 , 54 ( 2 ), 52 – 58 .

Ma, W. J. ; Tang, C. H. ; He, P. ; Wu, X. H. ; Cui, Z. K. ; Lin, S. L. ; Liu, X. Y. ; Zhuang, Q. X . Morphology-controlled fabrication strategy of hollow mesoporous carbon spheres@f-Fe 2 O 3 for microwave absorption and infrared stealth . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2022 , 14 ( 30 ), 34985 – 34996 .

卢轲轲 . Co 3 O 4 微结构调控与吸波性能研究 . 郑州大学硕士学位论文 , 2024 .

Chai, X. ; Zhu, D. M. ; Liu, Y. ; Qing, Y. C. ; Ren, Z. W. ; Luo, F. ; Zhou, W. C. ; Huang, Z. B. ; Li, P . Silver-modified chromium(III) oxide as multi-band compatible stealth materials for visual/infrared stealth and radar wave transmission . Compos. Sci. Technol. , 2021 , 216 , 109038 .

Chai, X. ; Zhu, D. M. ; Liu, Y. ; Qing, Y. C. ; Luo, F. ; Huang, Z. B. ; Li, P. ; Chen, Q . In-situ construction of Cr 2 O 3 @ATO hybrid pigment towards synergetic enhancement of visible light-infrared-radar compatible stealth . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 2023 , 645 , 570 – 579 .

Chai, X. ; Zhu, D. M. ; Chen, Q. ; Qing, Y. C. ; Cao, K. ; Luo, F. ; Huang, Z. B. ; Li, P. ; Liu, X. H . Tailored composition of low emissivity top layer for lightweight visible light-infrared-radar multiband compatible stealth coating . Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater. , 2022 , 5 ( 4 ), 3094 – 3103 .

Qiao, M. T. ; Tian, Y. R. ; Li, J. X. ; He, X. W. ; Lei, X. F. ; Zhang, Q. Y. ; Ma, M. L. ; Meng, X. R . Core-shell Fe 3 O 4 @SnO 2 nanochains toward the application of radar-infrared-visible compatible stealth . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 2022 , 609 , 330 – 340 .

Fu, S. Q. ; Liang, Z. D. ; Qian, X. ; Zhang, W. ; Qiu, Y. L. ; Ling, X. ; Liu, Q. L. ; Zhang, D . Ultrawide spectra camouflage coatings from metallic flake powder . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2024 , 16 ( 21 ), 27627 – 27639 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰