最新刊期
卷 25 ， 期 3 ， 2012
- 摘要：Due to the simple synthesis, excellent adaptabilities, strong hydration and protein adhesion resistance in aqueous solution, zwitterion has superior importance in the functional modification of polymer membrane surface. Zwitterion has been successfully grafted from polymer membrane surface, obtaining functional surface with strong fouling-resistance, great blood compatibility and quick stimuli-responsive performance. Nowadays, the polymer membranes functionalized and modified with zwitterion can be widely applied in the treatment of water, preparation of artificial organ material and plasmapheresis in medical treatment, etc. In addition, they have a great potential for protein concentration, purification and separation in biochemical engineering and pharmaceutical industry.关键词：Zwitterion;Polymer membrane;Functionalization;Surface modification
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Lignin exists in many kinds of higher plants. Comparing with the cellulose, lignin is the secondary abundance of biological polymers in the earth. It is meaningful to use the lignin effectively. However, because of the complexity of lignin structure, it is always an important research project in the long run for people to know the details of its structure, and to find out the appropriate methods to analyze it. This article mainly discussed some progress in the biosynthesis pathways of lignin units and the structure of the lignin, including the chemistry composition, functional groups, the linkages of lignin monomers and the model compounds. Meanwhile it introduced some degradation methods and non-degradation methods of analyzing the lignin.关键词：Lignin;Structure;Degradation methods;Non-degradation methods
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Studies on rheology modulation utilizing supramolecular interactions have attracted much attention in recent years. The inclusion complexation of cyclodextrin(CD) is an important supramolecular interaction. Addition of CD to these associative polymers results in a marked decrease in solution viscosity and viscoelastic properties because of the encapsulation of the polymer hydrophobes within their hydrophobic cavity and eliminate hydrophobic interactions. Guest molecular or enzyme, introduced to such a system, will induce new intermolekular assembly behavior and recover the solution rheology. In this paper, the recent progresses of molecular assembly and rheology modulation based on inclusion complexation of CD in theory and application have been reviewed, particularly concentrate on the rheological properties of different associative polymers in the presence of CD and modulation of recovering the solution rheology by addition of various matter.关键词：Cyclodextrin;Associative polymer;Rheology;Inclusion complexation;Molecular assembly
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：As a novel and efficient technology of water treatment, membrane bioreactor has been successfully used in waste water treatment. In the field of membrane separation engineering, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) becomes the hot point of study. This paper presents the methods of preparation of PVDF membrane used in MBR briefly. The modification of PVDF membrane with PEBAX, PVDF-g-POEM, PVDF-g-PEGMA, TPU, Al2O3, SiO2 is introduced. The development prospect of PVDF membrane is as well forecasted. In a certain extent,the PVDF membranes could enhance hydrophilia and anti-pollution capacity effectively, prolong the using life and cut down running cost after modification. Besides, the effluent water quality is better. PVDF membrane may have broader applications in case of increaseing mechanical strength.关键词：Polyvinylidene fluoride;Membrane bioreactor;Preparation;Modification
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：With vast application prospects in sustanied and controlled release of pharmaceutical,pharmaceutical microcapsule has been an main trend of agent development in both pesticide and medicine field. Exploitation of competitive polymeric capsule wall material is an main subject of present research. In this article,the latest progress in research and application of microcapsule wall material was summarized from aspects of natural macromolecule,fully-synthetic macromolecule,semisynthetic macromolecule,and inorganic material;then,research progress of biodegradable macromolecule material such as isinglass-gum arabic,chitosan-sodium alginate,cyclodextrin and its ramification,polylactic acid and its copolymer,and aliphatic polycarbonates was emphatically studied.关键词：Microcapsule;Persiticide;Drugs;Capsule wall materials
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Recently graphene has attracted much attention due to its unusual molecular structure and its excellent properties. When incorporated as the component of enhancement, graphene can significantly improve the physical properties of host polymers at extremely small loading. In this review, we summarized the status of graphene and the progresses of its nanocomposites. Particularly, the reduction of graphene oxide which has been industrialized in producing the graphene, the preparation methods (solution blending, in situ polymerization and melt blending) and the properties (electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, mechanical, thermal and gas barrier properties) of graphene /polymer nanocomposites were described. Also, challenges and future perspectives for this new class of nanocomposites have been introduced.关键词：Graphene;Preparation;Composite
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Poly (lactide) (PLA), as a kind of environment-friendly material has gained a great attention. If the flame retardant of PLA is improved, the scope of application can be further expended. The way for its modification is mainly focused on using additive type flame retardant agents including phosphorus flame retardants, nitrogenated flame retardants, silicone flame retardants, metal compounds and their combinational systems. And, reacting flame-retardants for PLA are constantly in development too. This review presents the main flame retardant mechanism and particularly focus on the development of the flame retardant of PLA. And the research direction in the future was prospected.关键词：Poly (lactide);Flame-retardant;Blending modification;Nanocomposite
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Extensional flow of polymer melts play a dominant role in polymer processes such as film blowing, fiber spinning and thermoforming. Knowing the extensional flow properties of the polymer melts is very important to control and predict their ability to be shaped or processed into products. In many cases and compared to shear flow, transient extensional viscosity is more sensitive for characterizing polymer structures such as macromolecular structure, anisotropy of particles filling and phase morphology of polymer blends. In this paper, the extensional rheometers or fixtures commonly used and their principles are briefly introduced. Moreover, some recent investigations about the extensional flow properties of pure polymers, polymer nanocomposites and polymer blends are reviewed and discussed.关键词：Extensional rheology;Extensional viscosity;Pure polymer;Polymer nanocomposites;Polymer blends
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Microwave heating as a synthetic technology is particularly useful due to its short reaction time,high efficiency and no pollution.The traditional synthesis of polymer materials requires long time and plenty of energy.When microwave irradiation is applied in the synthesis of polymer materials,the reaction time and energy consumption can be reduced a lot,which has become very popular in organic synthesis.This article reviews the development on the microwave-assisted polymerization of engineering material polymers including polyamides,polyimides,poly(benzyl acrylate) and functional polymers including medical polymers,adsorptive polymers,conductive polymers,optical polymers.The future of microwave-assisted organic synthesis of polymers is prospected too.关键词：Microwave-assisted Organic Synthesis;Polymer materials;Development
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：The demand of nonspherical particles at photonic crystal has leaded to an increasing research interest in nonspherical particles since 2001.Nonspherical particles have became a recent hot field of material due to their low symmetries,novel properties and wide potential applications.The synthesized approaches include seeded polymerization,self assembly,particle clusterization,microfluidics and mechanical stretching.This paper outlines the developing course of seeded polymerization,presents relating formed mechanism of nonspherical particles,reviews the main morphologies and structures of nonspherical polymer particles.The potential applications of these materials and future trends in the fields are also been described.关键词：Nonspherical polymer particles;Seeded polymerization;Dumbbell particles;Colloidal molecules
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Optimal lignin demethylation conditions were determined through demethylated lignin reactive activity toward formaldehyde,in terms of variation of catalyst,amount of catalyst,reaction temperature and reaction time.Lignin and its demethylated derivate product were characterized by semiquantitative FT-IR,GPC,and 1H NMR.Results demonstrate that the content of methoxy group decreases from 0.990 to 0.765,and the content of phenolic hydroxyl group increases from 1.174 to 1.529 via semiquantitative FT-IR.GPC results indicate that macromolecular lignin degrades after demethylation,the content of Mwbelow 2000 dramatically increases from 38% to 51%.1H NMR shows that alkyl chain breaks from benzene ring and β-O-4 linkages cleave and almost disappear after demethylateion.关键词：Lignin;Demethylation;Reactive activity;Structural characterization
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Electrospinning of polymer solutions has gain much attention in the recent years since it is one of the most effective and straightforward method to produce nanofibers.The electrospinning technique is still at the experimental stage due to its complexities in the process.The basic issues for electrospinning technique to have a great significance in the process parameters and equipment manufacturers lie in sophisticated mathematical and mechanical models.In this paper,we summarize the research progress on theoretical models of electrospinning,especially for electrospinning jet models.The prospect of the electrospinning theoretical models is forecasted as well.关键词：Electrospinning;Theoretical models;Jet
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Polymer photovoltaic cells are becoming an extremely active research area to meet the urgent need for clean and renewable energy managements due to their advantages of simple device structure,low cost,light weight and possibility to fabricate flexible devices.The donor and acceptor materials in the devices play the crucial role for the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs.In this article,the recent progress of the conjugated polymer donor and fullerene acceptor materials is reviewed.In the introduction of conjugated donor materials,the emphasis is put in the polythiophene derivatives and narrow bandgap D-A copolymers.The film optimization and stability are also discussed.In the end,the development prospect of polymer solar cell was given from the perspective of improving cell efficiency.关键词：Conjugated polymers;Polymer solar cells;Polymer photovoltaic material
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Diabetes is a kind of metabolic disease caused by the inability of the pancreas to control the blood glucose concentration. An effective management of diabetes relies on the frequent monitoring of blood glucose concentrations and the glucose responsive insulin release. Glucose-sensitive systems, resembling the pancreas with the abilities of feedback and equilibrium, can be responsive to the changes of environmental glucose concentration and exhibit extensive application prospect in controlling and treating diabetes. Carbohydrate, which is treated as one of the three substantial units as protein and nucleic acid, plays a great role in life body as an indispensable energy resource to biological processes. Therefore, the recognition of saccharides is very important in the fields of medical and life sciences. Phenylboronic acid is frequently used for recognizing and perceiving carbohydrate due to the high affinity between phenylboronic group and glycol. A fluorescent receptor sensing for saccharide can be constructed while a phenylboronic acid group is linked to a fluorophore. In this paper, the current research situations of phenylboronic acid-containing glucose-sensitive materials in the field of biomedicine are reviewed, and the latest research progress of such materials in the fields of drug sustained-controlled release systems and fluorescent probes used as the sugar molecule recognition are introduced emphatically. Furthermore, the future research direction of these glucose-sensitive materials is predicted.关键词：Phenylboronic acid;Glucose-sensitive;Pharmaceutical carriers;Recognition of saccharides;Fluorescent sensors
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Self-assembly of copolymers is the process by which a system of molecules relied on non-covalent interaction spontaneously assemble into a stable and structure-determinated molecular aggregates or supramolecular structures with specific functions in the mean time. Well-organized structure of function materials can be attained through the self-assembly of copolymers, and these function materials have large potential applications in biomedicine, drug delivery, smart materials. The previous studies have revealed that the self-assembly morphologies of different structural copolymers and their functions are diverse, and can be tuned by controlling environmental conditions, such as pH, temperature, etc. In this paper, we review the self-assembly of copolymers with different chemical structures and the main influencing factors of self-assembly. Besides, the relationships among copolymer structures, the morphologies of self assembly as well as the function are involved.关键词：Self-assembly;Copolymers;Controlling conditions
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：This paper has explained the behaviour of physical aging of polymers by means of describing the process of volume relaxation and structure relaxation, reviewed the study and achievements of physical aging, list some characterics of model and theory about physical aging and overviewed the trend of research about polymer’s physical aging. In addition to these, the paper summarized several research fields about physical aging which give rise to a lot of concern in recent decades.关键词：Physical Aging;Research methods;Models
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发布时间：2022-09-18 - 摘要：Anionic vinyl polymerization is one of the most important theories in polymer chemistry. In order to master and apply of it for students, it is necessary to verify the results by experiment. However, there exist a lot of problems on traditional anionic vinyl polymerization experiment, which caused a negative impact to experiment results. This paper presents the design and development of manufacturing execution systems of experimental software platform with anionic polymerization of styrene as example. The experimental results show this kind of software has the following advantages: full-featured, simple interface, and stable running. This software, combined with the specific needs and actual hardware devices, can be applied to experimental teaching.关键词：Anionic polymerization of styrene;Simulation;Experiment
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发布时间：2022-09-18
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