航天先进复合材料用特种陶瓷前驱体研究进展

胡继东; 许艺芬; 李媛; 田跃龙; 李逸征; 张宗波; 武婧书; 孙文婷

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.070

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航天先进复合材料用特种陶瓷前驱体研究进展

聚合物陶瓷前驱体专题特约综述 | 更新时间：2025-09-23

- 航天先进复合材料用特种陶瓷前驱体研究进展
- Research Progress on Special Ceramic Precursors for Advanced Aerospace Composite Materials
- 高分子通报 2025年38卷第10期页码：1451-1462
- 作者机构：
  
  1.航天材料及工艺研究所，先进功能复合材料技术重点实验室，北京 100076
  2.中国科学院化学研究所，中国科学院极端环境高分子材料重点实验室，北京 100190
  3.中国科学院大学化学科学学院，北京 100049
- 作者简介：
  
  hujidong2025@163.com
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.070
  中图分类号：
- 收稿日期：2025-03-03，
  
  录用日期：2025-05-23，
  
  网络出版日期：2025-08-27，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-10-20
- 稿件说明：
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胡继东, 许艺芬, 李媛, 田跃龙, 李逸征, 张宗波, 武婧书, 孙文婷. 航天先进复合材料用特种陶瓷前驱体研究进展. 高分子通报, 2025, 38(10), 1451–1462.

Hu, J. D.; Xu, Y. F.; Li, Y.; Tian, Y. L.; Li, Y, Z.; Zhang, Z. B.; Wu, J. S.; Sun, W. T. Research progress on special ceramic precursors for advanced aerospace composite materials. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2025, 38(10), 1451–1462.
胡继东, 许艺芬, 李媛, 田跃龙, 李逸征, 张宗波, 武婧书, 孙文婷. 航天先进复合材料用特种陶瓷前驱体研究进展. 高分子通报, 2025, 38(10), 1451–1462. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.070.

Hu, J. D.; Xu, Y. F.; Li, Y.; Tian, Y. L.; Li, Y, Z.; Zhang, Z. B.; Wu, J. S.; Sun, W. T. Research progress on special ceramic precursors for advanced aerospace composite materials. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2025, 38(10), 1451–1462. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.070.

摘要

特种陶瓷前驱体是液相浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)制备先进陶瓷基复合材料的关键，对复合材料的工艺性能和热力性能有着决定性的影响。目前航天先进复合材料的研制正朝着耐高温、高承载、抗烧蚀和低成本的方向发展，这对可耐受1600 ℃以上高温、具有高陶瓷产率和优异工艺性能的特种陶瓷前驱体材料提出了迫切需求。本文重点介绍了航天先进陶瓷基复合材料用特种陶瓷前驱体研究进展，包括SiC前驱体(使用温度1500 ℃以上)、以Si(B)CN前驱体为代表的低成本前驱体(使用温度1400~1700 ℃)和超高温前驱体(使用温度2000 ℃以上)。对上述前驱体的合成方法、复合材料应用及其性能进行综述，阐述分子结构、元素组成等对前驱体的基本性能及其复合材料力学性能、高温抗烧蚀性能的影响，以期为新一代航天用先进陶瓷基复合材料研发提供理论指导。

Abstract

Ceramic precursors are crucial for the preparation of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs)

via

precursor impregnation pyrolysis (PIP) technology

and have a decisive impact on the preparation process and properties of CMCs. At present

the development direction of advanced CMCs for aerospace is mainly focused on high temperature resistance

oxidation resistance

and high ablation resistance

resulting in an urgent need for ceramic precursors which can withstand temperatures above 1600 ℃

have high ceramic yield

and excellent process performance. This article introduces the research progress of ceramic precursors for high-temperature and anti-oxidation ceramic matrix composites

including SiC precursors (for temperatures above 1500 ℃)

Si(B)CN precursors (for temperatures between 1400−1700 ℃)

on behalf of low-cost precursors

and certain other ceramic precursors for ultra-high temperature above 2000 ℃. An overview of synthesis methods

application processing

and obtained properties of various precursors is provided. It elucidates the influence of molecular structure

elemental composition on the basic properties of ceramic precursors

as well as the mechanical properties and high-temperature oxidation resistance of composite materials. Some theoretical guidance is provided for the research and development of next generation ceramic matrix composites for aerospace applications.

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references

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