阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫保温材料研究进展

王喆; 吴宁晶

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.087

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫保温材料研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-07-27

- 阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫保温材料研究进展
- Research Progress of Flame-retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam Insulation Materials
- 高分子通报 2026年39卷第8期页码：1279-1291
- 作者机构：
  
  青岛科技大学高分子科学与工程学院橡塑材料与工程教育重点实验室　青岛 266042
- 作者简介：
  
  *吴宁晶，E-mail: ningjing_wu@qust.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  青岛市自然科学基金(24-4-4-zrjj-200-jch)
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.087
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-03-31，
  
  录用：2026-06-01，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-20，
  
  纸质出版：2026-08-20
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王喆, 吴宁晶. 阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫保温材料研究进展. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(8), 1279–1291.

Wang, Z.; Wu, N. J . Research progress of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam insulation materials. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(8), 1279–1291.
王喆, 吴宁晶. 阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫保温材料研究进展. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(8), 1279–1291. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.087.

Wang, Z.; Wu, N. J . Research progress of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam insulation materials. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(8), 1279–1291. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.087.

摘要

硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)是建筑与工业保温的关键材料，但其由碳、氢、氧元素构成的分子结构使其具有易燃性，带来显著火灾风险，因此发展环境友好型的阻燃技术至关重要。本文综述了主流保温材料的性能特点，明确RPUF在轻质高效保温方面的综合优势。系统分析了RPUF的三大环境友好型的阻燃策略：添加型、反应型与涂层型，阐明其作用机理并比较了前两者的优缺点，涂层型作为新型改性手段在克服传统方法局限方面的独特价值。重点介绍了包括层层自组装、水凝胶、气凝胶、热固化、光固化等在内的涂层实现途径，概述其制备方法、作用机制及研究进展。最后，对高性能多功能一体化涂层、绿色体系及智能响应技术等未来发展前景进行了展望。

Abstract

Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is a key material for thermal insulation in construction and industry. However

its molecular structure

which comprises carbon

hydrogen

and oxygen

renders it flammable

posing significant fire risks. Therefore

the development of flame-retardant technologies is crucial for ensuring safety. This paper reviews the performance characteristics of mainstream insulation materials and clarifies the comprehensive advantages of RPUF in terms of lightweight and high-efficiency insulation. This review systematically analyzes the three major flame-retardant strategies for RPUF-additive

reactive

and coating types-elucidates their mechanisms of action

and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the first two. Simultaneously

it highlights the unique value of the coating type as an emerging modification method to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches. This review introduces coating implementation methods

including layer-by-layer self-assembly

hydrogels

aerogels

thermal curing

and photocuring

and summarizes their preparation methods

mechanisms of action

and research progress. Finally

we look forward to the future development prospects of high-performance multifunctional integrated coatings

green systems

and intelligent response technologies.

关键词

Keywords

references

Anjum, T. ; Alam, M. M. ; Hossain, I. ; Gomaa, M. ; Kumar, L . Methods, technologies and challenges of building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPV/T) systems to achieve net-zero in high rise buildings: a systematic review . J. Build. Eng. , 2025 , 114 , 114284 .

Che, W. ; Peng, C. ; Zhuang, W . Green infrastructure for urban cooling and carbon neutrality: building-integrated strategies from heat mitigation to public health . Urban Forestey Urban Green. , 2026 , 116 , 129224 .

Zhang, J. ; Zhang, H. ; Xu, F. ; Sun, L. ; Liang, C. ; Lin, X. ; Ma, L. ; Peng, H. ; Li, B. ; Yan, E . Hierarchical porous PI/BC/SiO 2 aerogel-based composite phase change material with superior compression resistance and heat resistance . J. Energy Storage , 2025 , 118 , 116286 .

Son, M. H. ; Kim, Y. ; Jo, Y. H. ; Kwon, M . Assessment of chemical asphyxia caused by toxic gases generated from rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) fires . Forensic Sci. Int. , 2021 , 328 , 111011 .

Günther, M. ; Lorenzetti, A. ; Schartel, B . Fire phenomena of rigid polyurethane foams . Polymers , 2018 , 10 ( 10 ), 1166 .

Zhang, W. ; Jiang, W. ; Xiang, Y. ; Yang, Z. ; Li, B. ; Zhang, L . Engineering multifunctional MoS 2 @FeHP nanoarchitectures as synergistic fire-mechanical coating on expandable polystyrene . Prog. Org. Coat. , 2026 , 211 , 109787 .

Vishvakarma, V. K. ; Kumar, G. ; Kumar, S. ; Bhawna, Masram, D. T . Effective flame-retardant coatings for expanded polystyrene foam: a study based on deep eutectic solvent and graphene oxide . ACS Omega , 2025 , 10 ( 23 ), 24307 – 24319 .

Song, L. ; Wu, Y. ; Xue, J. ; He, J. ; Wang, C . A high-temperature resistant phosphate-phenolic composite foam with low density, high strength, flame retardant and thermal insulating properties . Compos. Part B Eng. , 2025 , 297 , 112294 .

Aditya, L. ; Mahlia, T. M. I. ; Rismanchi, B. ; Ng, H. M. ; Hasan, M. H. ; Metselaar, H. S. C. ; Muraza, O. ; Aditiya, H. B . A review on insulation materials for energy conservation in buildings . Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 2017 , 73 , 1352 – 1365 .

Ajabli, H. ; Zoubir, A. ; Elotmani, R. ; Louzazni, M. ; Kandoussi, K. ; Daya, A . Review on eco-friendly insulation material used for indoor comfort in building . Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 2023 , 185 , 113609 .

He, Z. ; Liu, Y. ; Liang, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Song, S. ; Cui, X . Hybrid red phosphorus/melamine microcapsules for enhanced fire resistance and PH 3 suppression of polyurethane composite foam . Chem. Eng. J. , 2025 , 505 , 159504 .

Li, Q. ; Wang, J. ; Chen, L. ; Shi, H. ; Hao, J . Ammonium polyphosphate modified with β -cyclodextrin crosslinking rigid polyurethane foam: enhancing thermal stability and suppressing flame spread . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 2019 , 161 , 166 – 174 .

Zhang, X. ; Wang, Z. ; Shan, J. ; Wang, Z . Fabrication of green montmorillonite modified bio-based rigid polyurethane foam with improved flame retardancy and enhanced mechanical properties . Polym. Test. , 2024 , 137 , 108529 .

Zheng, L. ; Zhan, J. ; Wang, J. ; Xu, Z. ; Mu, X . Highly efficient flame retardancy and fire spread behavior of rigid polyurethane foams with extremely low content of flame retardant . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 2024 , 230 , 111039 .

Zhang, X. ; Sun, S. ; Yuan, D. ; Wang, Z. ; Xie, H . Use of montmorillonite to improve flame retardancy, thermal stability and reducing smoke toxicity of chicken feather protein-based rigid polyurethane foam . J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. , 2024 , 30 ( 2 ), 483 – 498 .

Acuña, P. ; Li, Z. ; Santiago-Calvo, M. ; Villafañe, F. ; Rodríguez-Perez, M. Á. ; Wang, D. Y . Influence of the characteristics of expandable graphite on the morphology, thermal properties, fire behaviour and compression performance of a rigid polyurethane foam . Polymers , 2019 , 11 ( 1 ), 168 .

Liu, M. ; Gong, Z. ; Wang, G. ; Liu, X. ; Hou, Y. ; Tang, G . Melamine resin coordinated cobalt@piperazine pyrophosphate microcapsule: an innovative strategy for imparting long-lasting fire safety to rigid polyurethane foams . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 2024 , 219 , 110605 .

Gong, Q. ; Qin, L. ; Wang, N . Combining hyperbranched polyol containing three flame retardant elements, P, N and Si, with expanded graphite to improve the flame retardancy of bio-based rigid polyurethane foam . Eur. Polym. J. , 2023 , 196 , 112307 .

Wang, S. ; Liu, W. ; Hu, W. ; Hou, Y . A facile strategy for synthesizing hyperbranched phosphorus-containing polyol: toward enhancing intrinsic flame retardancy and smoke suppression of rigid polyurethane foams . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 2024 , 225 , 110786 .

Węgrzyk, G. ; Grzęda, D. ; Leszczyńska, M. ; Bryśkiewicz, A. ; Bulanda, K. ; Oleksy, M. ; Ryszkowska, J . Viscoelastic foams with enhanced fire resistance using additive and reactive flame retardants . Polymers , 2025 , 17 ( 18 ), 2459 .

Chen, X. ; Li, J. ; Gao, M . Thermal degradation and flame-retardant mechanism of the rigid polyurethane foam including functionalized graphene oxide . Polymers , 2019 , 11 ( 1 ), 010078 .

Wang, W. ; He, K. ; Dong, Q. ; Zhu, N. ; Fan, Y. ; Wang, F. ; Xia, Y. ; Li, H. F. ; Wang, J. ; Yuan, Z. ; Wang, E. ; Lai, Z. ; Kong, T. ; Wang, X. ; Ma, H. ; Yang, M . Synergistic effect of aluminum hydroxide and expandable graphite on the flame retardancy of polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 2014 , 131 ( 4 ), 39936 .

Wu, X. ; Zhang, X. ; Wu, J. ; Li, X. ; Jiang, H. ; Su, X. ; Zou, M . Investigation of the flame-retardant properties of high-strength microcellular flame retardant/polyurethane composite elastomers . Polymers , 2022 , 14 ( 23 ), 5055 .

Zhao, H. ; Li, R. ; Wang, H. ; Wang, Z. ; Zhong, Q. ; Wang, S. ; Li, H. ; Jiao, C. ; Chen, X. ; Yan, S . Novel strategy for flame-retardant superhydrophobic polyurethane sponge preparation via layer-by-layer self-assembly and its practical application . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 2026 , 245 , 111898 .

Sun, P. ; Zhang, H. ; Leng, Y. ; Han, X. ; Wang, Z. ; Xu, M. ; Li, X. ; Li, B . Fabrication of wood composites with embedded carbon dot based on layer-by-layer self-assembly with flame retardant and hydrophobic capabilities . J. Clean. Prod. , 2025 , 523 , 146428 .

Sun, R. ; Hu, D. ; Zhang, G. ; Sun, D. ; Wang, Y . Intumescent flame-retardant coatings on polyurethane foam via layer-by-layer assembly: the role of assembly sequence in enhancing performance . Appl. Surf. Sci. , 2026 , 726 , 165851 .

Jin, X. ; Feng, X. ; Song, S. ; Sun, S. ; Wang, W. ; Chen, Y. ; Tang, W . A “layer by layer plus UV curing” strategy for low-smoke, flame retardant polyurethane foams . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 2026 , 245 , 111883 .

Wang, G. ; Gong, Q. ; Qin, L. ; Ma, T. ; Xu, Y. ; Yao, S. ; Chu, Y. ; Fan, L . Flame-retardant vegetable oil-based rigid polyurethane foam constructed with Mxene@HNT and hydrogel via layer-by-layer coating . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 2024 , 225 , 110824 .

Liao, Q. ; Ren, H. ; Xu, J. ; Wang, P. ; Zhou, Z. ; Wang, Y. ; Yuan, B. ; Zhang, H . A concise strategy for enhancing the performance of bio-based polyurethane aerogels using melamine-modified sodium alginate via aza-michael addition reaction . Chem. Eng. J. , 2024 , 500 , 157361 .

Gao, Y. ; Tang, W. ; Wang, R. ; Guan, M. ; Sun, J. ; Long, H. ; Liu, X. ; Cai, R. ; Tang, G . Bio-based sodium alginate/ammonium polyphosphate aerogel-coated rigid polyurethane foam: a sustainable approach for enhanced flame retardancy . Int. J. Biol. Macromol. , 2025 , 315 , 144623 .

Yu, N. ; Wang, T. ; Xu, C. X. ; Gou, X. ; Zhan, Y. J. ; An, W. ; Fu, Z. C. ; Deng, J. ; Zhao, H. B. ; Chen, M. J . In-situ packing self-intumescent aerogel particles in rigid polyurethane foam towards thermal insulation, flame retardance and smoke suppression . Chem. Eng. J. , 2025 , 503 , 158514 .

Li, X. ; Xu, Y. ; An, X. ; Gong, L. ; Wang, R. ; Liu, Z . Eco-friendly and efficient flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam reinforced with lignin and silica aerogel . Int. J. Biol. Macromol. , 2025 , 304 , 140947 .

Wang, M. ; Wu, N. ; Wang, F. ; Deng, S. ; Jia, H . Surface thermal-curing phosphorus-containing coated rigid polyurethane foam with highly-efficient flame retardancy and reinforced mechanical property . Chem. Eng. J. , 2024 , 493 , 152825 .

Huang, Y. ; Jiang, S. ; Liang, R. ; Liao, Z. ; You, G . A green highly-effective surface flame-retardant strategy for rigid polyurethane foam: transforming UV-cured coating into intumescent self-extinguishing layer . Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. , 2019 , 125 , 105534 .

Zhang, L. ; Feng, K. ; Liu, Y. ; Wu, F. ; Liu, Y. ; Yu, B. ; Pei, X. ; Liu, L. ; Zhang, C. ; Wu, Y. ; Zhou, F . Robust UV-curable dual-cross-linked coating with increased transparency, long-term antifogging, and efficient antibacterial performances . ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. , 2024 , 6 ( 11 ), 6645 – 6657 .

Zhu, Y. ; Li, J. ; Ma, T. ; Gao, X. ; Li, K. ; Ma, X. ; Jiang, X . Self-wrinkling-induced mechanically adaptive patterned surface of photocuring coating for abrasion resistance . Adv. Mater. , 2025 , 37 ( 7 ), 202414352 .

Kim, Y. H. ; Kim, J. ; Baek, J. J. ; Chang, K. C. ; Park, B. S. ; Bae, G. Y. ; Koh, W. G. ; Shin, G . Fabrication and characterization of UV-curable thiol-functionalized siloxane elastomers with enhanced adhesion for flexible substrates . Chem. Eng. J. Adv. , 2024 , 20 , 100679 .

Yu, J. ; Sun, L. ; Ding, L. ; Cao, Y. ; Liu, X. ; Ren, Y. ; Li, Y . A UV-curable coating constructed from bio-based phytic acid, D-sorbitol and glycine for flame retardant modification of rigid polyurethane foam . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 2024 , 227 , 110892 .

Ding, C. ; Wang, N. ; He, H. ; Shen, W. ; Jiao, Y. ; Mao, J. ; Huang, H. ; Zhu, H. ; Qin, R. ; Yu, B . Flame retardant and self-healing coating containing dynamic disulfide bonds for polyurethane rigid foams via UV-curing technology . Polym. Degrad. Stab. , 2025 , 242 , 111719 .

Pradhan, D. D. ; Chakraverty, A. P. ; Badapanda, T. ; Nayak, R. ; Mohanty, U. K. ; Das, M. R . Property enhancement of alternating glass/carbon fibre laminated FRP composite by glow discharge post-plasma irradiation . Compos. Part B Eng. , 2025 , 297 , 112299 .

Rosso, M . Outdoor durability of radiation-cured coatings–a review . Prog. Org. Coat. , 2026 , 210 , 109642 .

Wang, B. ; Tao, F. ; Liu, L. ; Ji, H . Porous polyurethane-based radiative cooling film with excellent mechanical and flame-retardant properties . ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. , 2025 , 7 ( 20 ), 13609 – 13617 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

水性环氧乳化剂的制备及其乳液和涂料性能研究

高分子固体润滑材料研究进展

耐热阻燃透明PMMA 浇铸板材料制备及阻燃性能研究

笼型倍半硅氧烷的制备及其在阻燃聚合物中的应用概述

新工科背景下“高分子材料分析与测试方法”线上线下教学改革实践