水凝胶在生物传感设备中的研究进展

张慧敏; 孙玉莹; 张浩; 刘金慧; 刘凯; 华静

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.092

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水凝胶在生物传感设备中的研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-07-10

- 水凝胶在生物传感设备中的研究进展
- Research Progress on Hydrogel-based Biosensing Devices
- 高分子通报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  青岛科技大学高分子科学与工程学院　青岛 266042
- 作者简介：
  
  zhanghao3766@qust.edu.cn
  liujinhui7@163.com
  liukai@qust.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.092
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-02-27，
  
  录用：2026-04-23，
- 稿件说明：
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张慧敏, 孙玉莹, 张浩, 刘金慧, 刘凯, 华静. 水凝胶在生物传感设备中的研究进展. 高分子通报, doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.092

Zhang, H. M.; Sun, Y. Y.; Zhang, H.; Liu, J. H.; Liu, K.; Hua, J. Research progress on hydrogel-based biosensing devices. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.092
张慧敏, 孙玉莹, 张浩, 刘金慧, 刘凯, 华静. 水凝胶在生物传感设备中的研究进展. 高分子通报, doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.092 DOI：

Zhang, H. M.; Sun, Y. Y.; Zhang, H.; Liu, J. H.; Liu, K.; Hua, J. Research progress on hydrogel-based biosensing devices. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.092 DOI：

摘要

随着柔性电子技术的快速发展，具有便携、轻质、高贴合性的生物传感设备在健康监测、人机交互等领域受到广泛关注。然而，传统电子器件与生物组织之间存在明显的力学失配，且生物相容性不足，限制了其在实际生理环境中的稳定应用。水凝胶因兼具高水含量、可调力学性能和优异的生物相容性，为突破上述瓶颈提供了重要的材料基础，其中导电水凝胶已成为柔性生物传感器件的核心材料体系。本文系统总结了这类水凝胶在生物传感器件中的研究进展，介绍了电子导电与离子导电水凝胶的结构设计与功能化策略，及其在运动检测、医疗诊断和电子皮肤中的典型应用。最后，针对现阶段材料稳定性、复杂生理环境中的信号可靠性及规模化制备等方面存在的问题，对该领域的未来发展方向进行了分析与展望。

Abstract

Flexible biosensing devices have attracted considerable interest in health monitoring and human-machine interaction because of their portability

lightweight design

and skin-conformable nature. However

the mechanical mismatch and biocompatibility limitations of conventional electronic materials remain critical barriers to their stable operation in physiological environments. Hydrogels

which combine high water content

tunable mechanical properties

and excellent biocompatibility

offer a promising material platform for addressing these challenges. Conductive hydrogels have emerged as a representative material system for flexible biosensing devices. This review summarizes recent advances in hydrogel-based flexible biosensing devices

covering the structural design and functionalization strategies of electronically and ionically conductive hydrogels and their applications in motion detection

medical diagnostics

and electronic skin applications. Finally

we identify the current challenges related to long-term material stability

signal reliability in complex biological environments

and scalable fabrication

and outline promising directions for future research.

关键词

Keywords

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