本征高介电常数聚合物分子结构设计研究进展

唐博文; 伍昱晓; 曾裕文

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.253

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本征高介电常数聚合物分子结构设计研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-10-10

- 本征高介电常数聚合物分子结构设计研究进展
- Research Progress on Molecular Structure Design of Intrinsic High Dielectric Constant Polymers
- 高分子通报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  复旦大学高分子科学系聚合物分子工程全国重点实验室　上海 200438
- 作者简介：
  
  zengy@fudan.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.253
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-05-18，
  
  录用：2026-06-01，
- 稿件说明：
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唐博文, 伍昱晓, 曾裕文. 本征高介电常数聚合物分子结构设计研究进展. 高分子通报, doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.253

Tang, B. W.; Wu, Y. X.; Zeng, Y. W. Research progress on molecular structure design of intrinsic high dielectric constant polymers. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.253
唐博文, 伍昱晓, 曾裕文. 本征高介电常数聚合物分子结构设计研究进展. 高分子通报, doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.253 DOI：

Tang, B. W.; Wu, Y. X.; Zeng, Y. W. Research progress on molecular structure design of intrinsic high dielectric constant polymers. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.253 DOI：

摘要

电气化交通、航空航天及高功率电力系统等领域的快速发展，对高能量密度电容器用电介质提出了高温、高电场下稳定服役的严苛要求。聚合物电介质兼具轻质、柔性与优异可加工性，是极具应用潜力的候选材料。然而，现有聚合物介电材料普遍面临操作温度受限的瓶颈，难以承受热–电耦合应力；与此同时，提升介电常数往往以牺牲击穿强度和增加介电损耗为代价，这一权衡矛盾成为制约其应用的核心难题。因此，通过分子结构设计开发本征高介电常数聚合物，实现介电与储能性能的协同优化，已成为当前领域的重要研究方向。本文系统综述了介电聚合物分子结构设计与介电性能关系的最新研究进展，重点阐述了分子结构对介电响应和储能行为的调控机制，并揭示了关键构效关系。最后，本文总结了该领域面临的挑战与发展机遇，以期为开发在高温高场下高效可靠储能的高性能聚合物介电材料提供分子设计层面的指导。

Abstract

With the rapid development of electrified transportation

aerospace

high-power power systems

and other fields

stringent requirements have been proposed for dielectrics used in high-energy-density capacitors to achieve stable service under high temperature and high electric fields. Polymer dielectrics possess the advantages of light weight

flexibility

and excellent processability

making them candidate materials with great application potential. However

existing polymer dielectric materials generally suffer from operating temperature limitations and cannot withstand thermo-electric coupling stress. However

the improvement of the dielectric constant is usually at the cost of reduced breakdown strength and increased dielectric loss

and this trade-off dilemma has become a core problem restricting their practical application. Therefore

developing intrinsic high-dielectric-constant polymers through molecular structure design to realize the collaborative optimization of dielectric and energy storage performances has become an important research direction in this field. This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress on the relationship between the molecular structure design and dielectric properties of dielectric polymers. This study emphasizes the regulation mechanism of molecular structure on dielectric response and energy storage behavior

and reveals the key structure-activity relationship. Finally

this review summarizes the existing challenges and future development opportunities in this field

aiming to provide guidance at the molecular design level for the exploitation of high-performance polymer dielectric materials with efficient and reliable energy storage performance under high temperatures and high electric fields.

关键词

Keywords

references

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