离子凝胶的多尺度结构设计与性质调控

王清华; 张馨月; 吕晓林

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.310

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离子凝胶的多尺度结构设计与性质调控

综述 | 更新时间：2026-10-10

- 离子凝胶的多尺度结构设计与性质调控
- Multiscale Structural Design and Property Regulation of Ionogels
- 高分子通报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  福州大学材料科学与工程学院　福州 350108
- 作者简介：
  
  lyuxiaolin@fzu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目(52573131)
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.310
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-08-03，
  
  录用：2026-08-27，
- 稿件说明：
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王清华, 张馨月, 吕晓林. 离子凝胶的多尺度结构设计与性质调控. 高分子通报, doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.310

Wang, Q. H.; Zhang, X. Y.; Lyu, X. L. Multiscale structural design and property regulation of ionogels. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.310
王清华, 张馨月, 吕晓林. 离子凝胶的多尺度结构设计与性质调控. 高分子通报, doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.310 DOI：

Wang, Q. H.; Zhang, X. Y.; Lyu, X. L. Multiscale structural design and property regulation of ionogels. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), doi: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.310 DOI：

摘要

离子凝胶克服了水凝胶易挥发、易冻结的环境敏感性，兼具高离子电导率、热稳定性等优异特性，在柔性电子、软体机器人和能源存储领域潜力巨大。但简单网络结构往往难以兼顾力学强度、导电性能与自修复能力，制约了其实际应用。本综述依据调控尺度与作用机制，将现有设计策略归纳为分子工程与结构工程2类。分子工程聚焦亚纳米至纳米尺度的动态网络设计，涵盖双网络、链缠结、滑环效应、氢键、离子相互作用、金属配位、动态共价键及协同效应，结构工程着眼纳米至微米尺度的空间构型调控，包括微相分离、纳米结晶域、纳米复合、取向结构及梯度结构。在此基础上，进一步总结了离子凝胶在能源存储与转换、柔性传感及软体机器人等应用领域的发展。本综述系统梳理了离子凝胶的多尺度结构设计策略和应用进展，讨论了未来发展的核心挑战，以期为高性能离子凝胶的理性设计和器件集成提供参考。

Abstract

Ionogels overcome the environmental sensitivity of hydrogels

which are prone to evaporation and freezing. They exhibit excellent properties such as high ionic conductivity and thermal stability

showing great potential in flexible electronics

soft robotics

and energy storage. However

simple network structures often fail to simultaneously achieve mechanical robustness

ionic conductivity

and self-healing capability

which limits their practical applications. This review categorizes existing design strategies into molecular engineering and structural engineering based on the regulation scale and underlying mechanisms. Molecular engineering focuses on dynamic network design at the sub-nanometer to nanometer scale

including double networks

chain entanglement

sliding ring effects

hydrogen bonding

ionic interactions

metal coordination

dynamic covalent bonds

and synergistic effects. Structural engineering addresses spatial configuration regulation from the nanometer to micrometer scale

including microphase separation

nanocrystalline domains

nanocomposites

oriented structures

and gradient structures. Furthermore

this review summarizes the progress of ionogels in applications such as energy storage and conversion

flexible sensing

and soft robotics. This article systematically outlines the design approaches and application advances in ionogels

and discusses key challenges for future development

aiming to provide a reference for the rational design of high-performance ionogels and device integration.

关键词

Keywords

references

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