仿生二维过渡金属碳/氮化物/高分子纳米复合材料

韩晶义; 万思杰; 程群峰

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.24.396

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仿生二维过渡金属碳/氮化物/高分子纳米复合材料

高分子功能薄膜专题 | 更新时间：2025-03-28

- 仿生二维过渡金属碳/氮化物/高分子纳米复合材料
- Bioinspired Two-dimensional Transition Metal Carbides/Nitrides/Polymer Nanocomposites
- 高分子通报 2025年38卷第4期页码：590-621
- 作者机构：
  
  1.仿生界面材料科学全国重点实验室，仿生智能界面科学与技术教育部重点实验室，北京航空航天大学化学学院，北京 100191
  2.仿生界面材料科学全国重点实验室，中国科学技术大学纳米科学技术学院，苏州高等研究院，苏州 215123
  3.中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院，合肥 230026
  4.上海理工大学能源材料科学研究院，上海 200093
- 作者简介：
  
  *万思杰，E-mail: wansj2022@buaa.edu.cn；程群峰，E-mail: cheng@buaa.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  北京市科技新星计划(20230484326);国家杰出青年科学基金(52125302);国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0715700);国家自然科学基金(52373066;22075009;52350012;82201021;52003011);苏州市仿生界面科学重点实验室(SZ2024004);苏州实验室开放课题基金(SZLAB-1108-2024-ZD002);中央高校基本科研业务费;国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202410006358)
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.24.396
  中图分类号：
- 收稿日期：2024-12-30，
  
  录用日期：2025-01-27，
  
  网络出版日期：2025-03-14，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-04-20
- 稿件说明：
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韩晶义, 万思杰, 程群峰. 仿生二维过渡金属碳/氮化物/高分子纳米复合材料. 高分子通报,2025, 38(4), 590–621

Han, J. Y.; Wan, S. J.; Cheng, Q. F. Bioinspired two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides/polymer nanocomposites. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2025, 38(4), 590–621
韩晶义, 万思杰, 程群峰. 仿生二维过渡金属碳/氮化物/高分子纳米复合材料. 高分子通报,2025, 38(4), 590–621 DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.24.396.

Han, J. Y.; Wan, S. J.; Cheng, Q. F. Bioinspired two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides/polymer nanocomposites. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2025, 38(4), 590–621 DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.24.396.

摘要

二维过渡金属碳/氮化物(MXene)/高分子纳米复合材料，兼具MXene纳米片的高力学强度和功能特性(如导电、导热、电化学储能、光热转换、生物相容和诱导骨再生等)与高分子材料的柔韧性，在航空航天、柔性电子、能源、生物医学等领域具有巨大的应用前景。然而，MXene和高分子在组装过程中存在界面作用弱、取向度低、孔隙缺陷等关键科学问题，导致纳米复合材料宏观性能远低于预期值，且重复性差，限制了实际应用。天然鲍鱼壳具有优异的力学性能，主要是由于碳酸钙片和有机基质之间丰富的界面作用，以及碳酸钙片紧密堆砌、取向排列的层状结构，这为仿生组装MXene和高分子提供了新启示。基于此，本文首先介绍了MXene纳米片的本征力学、电学和热学性能，阐述了天然鲍鱼壳微观结构和力学性能之间的构效关系，综述了仿生MXene/高分子纳米复合材料(bioinspired MXene/polymer nanocomposites

BMPNs)的研究进展，重点分析了如何设计MXene层间界面作用、提高MXene纳米片取向度以及消除材料的孔隙缺陷，并总结了BMPNs在电磁屏蔽、焦耳热、光热转换、热传导、热伪装、柔性电极、盐差发电、膜分离以及骨再生等领域的应用。最后，讨论了BMPNs研究领域的挑战，并展望了未来发展方向，希望能推动BMPNs的实际应用发展。

Abstract

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXene)/polymer nanocomposites integrate the high mechanical strength and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities

electrochemical energy storage

photothermal conversion

biocompatibility

osteoinductivity of MXene nanosheets and good flexibility of polymers

which have enorm

ous potential for applications in aerospace

flexible electronics

energy

and biomedicine

etc

. However

weak interfacial interactions

misalignment

and voids during the assembly of MXene nanosheets and polymers cause the properties of macroscopic nanocomposites to be far below the expected values and poor reproducibility

limiting their practical use. Nature nacre shows exceptional mechanical properties primarily because of the abundant interfacial interactions between calcium carbonate flakes and organic matrix

as well as the compact and ordered layered structure of calcium carbonate flakes

which provides the novel inspiration for assembling MXene nanosheets and polymers. Herein

we first introduce the intrinsic mechanical

electrical

and thermal properties of MXene nanosheets

followed by elucidating the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of natural nacre. We then review the research progress of bioinspired MXene/polymer nanocomposites (BMPNs)

focusing on how to design interfacial interactions between adjacent MXene nanosheets

improve the alignment of MXene nanosheets

and eliminate void defects in BMPNs. Subsequently

we summarize the applications of BMPNs in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding

Joule heating

photothermal conversion

thermal conduction and camouflage

flexible electrodes

osmotic power generation

membrane separation

and bone regeneration

etc

. Finally

we discuss the challenges in the field of BMPNs and propose a perspective on the future roadmap for BMPNs to promote their practical applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

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