先驱体转化非氧化物连续纤维组成结构调控研究进展

黄佳炜; 邵长伟; 龙鑫; 李旭东

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.100

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先驱体转化非氧化物连续纤维组成结构调控研究进展

聚合物陶瓷前驱体专题特约综述 | 更新时间：2025-09-23

- 先驱体转化非氧化物连续纤维组成结构调控研究进展
- Progress on the Composition and Structure Regulation of Non-oxide Ceramic Fibers Prepared by Precursor Conversion
- 高分子通报 2025年38卷第10期页码：1463-1478
- 作者机构：
  
  国防科技大学空天科学学院，新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料国家重点实验室，长沙 410073
- 作者简介：
  
  chwshao@126.com
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.100
  中图分类号：
- 收稿日期：2025-05-07，
  
  录用日期：2025-06-09，
  
  网络出版日期：2025-08-29，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-10-20
- 稿件说明：
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黄佳炜, 邵长伟, 龙鑫, 李旭东. 先驱体转化非氧化物连续纤维组成结构调控研究进展. 高分子通报, 2025, 38(10), 1463–1478.

Huang, J. W.; Shao, C. W.; Long, X.; Li, X. D. Progress on the composition and structure regulation of non-oxide ceramic fibers prepared by precursor conversion. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2025, 38(10), 1463–1478.
黄佳炜, 邵长伟, 龙鑫, 李旭东. 先驱体转化非氧化物连续纤维组成结构调控研究进展. 高分子通报, 2025, 38(10), 1463–1478. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.100.

Huang, J. W.; Shao, C. W.; Long, X.; Li, X. D. Progress on the composition and structure regulation of non-oxide ceramic fibers prepared by precursor conversion. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2025, 38(10), 1463–1478. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.100.

摘要

细直径连续陶瓷纤维具备高耐热性、高强度、高模量以及可编织等优异性能，是陶瓷基复合材料实现强韧化和功能化的关键原料。先驱体转化法作为非氧化物陶瓷纤维的通用制备技术，采用聚合物作为先驱体，凭借其可纺丝性和可设计性，为陶瓷纤维的制备与调控提供了有力的技术手段。本文首先阐述了先驱体转化非氧化物陶瓷纤维的典型制备方法，讨论了陶瓷纤维组成结构特征与控制方法；进一步阐述了面向陶瓷纤维的先驱体的合成与结构调控、有机无机转化过程的调控，以及纤维表面结构的调控为纤维带来的影响，梳理了陶瓷纤维的组成结构与性能的关系。通过总结先驱体转化陶瓷纤维的组成结构调控的研究工作进展，为进一步发展聚合物先驱体和高性能陶瓷纤维提供参考。

Abstract

Continuous ceramic fibers with a fine diameter possess excellent properties such as high heat resistance

high strength

high modulus

and weavability. They are key raw materials for the strengthening

toughening

and functionalization of ceramic matrix composites. The precursor conversion method is a universal preparation technology for non-oxide ceramic fibers. Using polymers as precursors

the spinnability and designability of polymers provide favorable means for the preparation and regulation of ceramic fibers. This review first elaborates on the typical preparation methods of non-oxide ceramic fibers through precursor conversion and discusses the characteristics and control methods of the composition and structure of ceramic fibers. It further expounds on the influences brought to the fibers by the synthesis and structural regulation of precursors for ceramic fibers

the regulation of the organic-inorganic conversion process

and the regulation of the fiber surface structure

and sorts out the relationship between the composition

structure

and properties of ceramic fibers. By summarizing the research progress in the regulation of the composition and structure of ceramic fibers prepared by the precursor conversion method

this article provides references for the further development of polymer precursors and high-performance ceramic fibers.

关键词

Keywords

references

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