高韧性两性离子聚合物水凝胶研究进展

刘冰洁; 许晨; 唐悦蔓; 郑司雨; 杨晋涛

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.249

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

高韧性两性离子聚合物水凝胶研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-01-16

- 高韧性两性离子聚合物水凝胶研究进展
- Recent Progress in the Design of Tough Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels
- 高分子通报 2026年39卷第1期页码：62-80
- 作者机构：
  
  浙江工业大学材料科学与工程学院　杭州 310014
- 作者简介：
  
  E-mail: zhengsiyu@zjut.edu.cn
  E-mail: yangjt@zjut.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目(52473022)
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.249
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-08-30，
  
  录用：2025-10-09，
  
  网络出版：2025-12-04，
  
  纸质出版：2026-01-20
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘冰洁, 许晨, 唐悦蔓, 郑司雨, 杨晋涛. 高韧性两性离子聚合物水凝胶研究进展. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(1), 62–80.

Liu, B. J.; Xu, C.; Tang, Y. M.; Zheng, S. Y.; Yang, J. T. Recent progress in the design of tough polyzwitterionic hydrogels. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(1), 62–80.
刘冰洁, 许晨, 唐悦蔓, 郑司雨, 杨晋涛. 高韧性两性离子聚合物水凝胶研究进展. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(1), 62–80. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.249.

Liu, B. J.; Xu, C.; Tang, Y. M.; Zheng, S. Y.; Yang, J. T. Recent progress in the design of tough polyzwitterionic hydrogels. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(1), 62–80. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2025.25.249.

摘要

两性离子聚合物水凝胶凭借其在生物相容性、抗污性能和离子传输性能方面的独特优势受到全球研究人员的关注，现已在生物材料、离电器件、防污涂层等领域广泛应用。然而，两性离子基团极强的静电诱导水合效应会削弱聚合物链间的相互作用，致使相关凝胶的力学性能较差，极大地限制了其应用范围。本综述聚焦于两性离子聚合物水凝胶力学性能不足这一问题，首先讨论了两性离子单体的基本结构特征，分析了两性离子单元结构与体系内各类分子间作用之间的构效关系；随后以分子间作用力为纽带，分析了两性离子单元结构与两性离子聚合物水凝胶环境响应性之间的联系；然后，分别从两性离子聚合物杂化体系和纯两性离子聚合物体系两个方面系统梳理了近年来相关水凝胶的增韧策略，探讨了高韧性两性离子聚合物水凝胶单体结构和聚合物网络结构的设计思路；最后总结并展望了两性离子聚合物水凝胶未来发展时面临的挑战。

Abstract

Zwitterionic hydrogels have attracted tremendous attention owing to their unique advantages of biocompatibility

anti-fouling behavior

and ion transport capabilities

which have been widely applied in the fields of biomedical materials

ionotronics

and anti-fouling coatings. However

the strong electrostatically induced hydration effect of zwitterionic polymers leads to weak interactions between polymer chains

resulting in poor mechanical properties of zwitterionic gels

which significantly limits their applications. This review focuses on the issue of insufficient mechanical performance in zwitterionic hydrogels and demonstrates the corresponding toughening strategies. First

the fundamental structural features of zwitterions and the effect of zwitterionic structure on diverse molecular interactions were discussed

and the environmental responsiveness of zwitterionic gels was briefly analyzed. Subsequently

the toughening strategies of zwitterionic hydrogels reported in recent years were systematically reviewed

from both hybrid zwitterionic polymer systems and pure zwitterionic polymer systems. The effect of monomer and network structures on the mechanical properties of zwitterionic hydrogels was thoroughly discussed. Finally

the remaining challenges for the development of zwitterionic hydrogels were discussed.

关键词

Keywords

references

Erathodiyil, N. ; Chan, H. M. ; Wu, H. ; Ying, J. Y . Zwitterionic polymers and hydrogels for antibiofouling applications in implantable devices . Mater. Today , 2020 , 38 , 84 – 98 .

Lv, W. F. ; Wang, Y. H. ; Fu, H. Y. ; Liang, Z. Y. ; Huang, B. Q. ; Jiang, R. Q. ; Wu, J. ; Zhao, Y . Recent advances of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers for biomedical application . Acta Biomater. , 2024 , 181 , 19 – 45 .

Asha, A. B. ; Chen, Y. J. ; Narain, R . Bioinspired dopamine and zwitterionic polymers for non-fouling surface engineering . Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2021 , 50 ( 20 ), 11668 – 11683 .

Wang, Z. H. ; Liu, X. J. ; Zhu, M. N. ; Yang, J. Q. ; Tao, S. Y. ; Gong, Z. W. ; Xu, M. ; Pan, L. K . Recent advances in zwitterionic hydrogels: structure, applications and challenges . J. Mater. Chem. A , 2025 , 13 ( 19 ), 13693 – 13705 .

Chen, Z . Surface hydration and antifouling activity of zwitterionic polymers . Langmuir , 2022 , 38 ( 15 ), 4483 – 4489 .

闫树鹏 , 张冲 , 吕华 . 两性离子聚合物的研究进展 . 功能高分子学报 , 2020 , 33 , 1 – 14 .

Nakagawa, Y. ; Ohta, S. ; Sugahara, A. ; Okubo, M. ; Yamada, A. ; Ito, T . In vivo redox-responsive sol-gel/gel-sol transition of star block copolymer solution based on ionic cross-linking . Macromolecules , 2017 , 50 ( 14 ), 5539 – 5548 .

Pang, Y. D. ; Wang, H. Y. ; Yao, Y. ; Chen, D. Y. ; Yang, R. ; Wang, Z. Y. ; Yang, J. H. ; Li, Y. M. ; Liu, W. G . An injectable self-crosslinked wholly supramolecular polyzwitterionic hydrogel for regulating microenvironment to boost infected diabetic wound healing . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2023 , 33 ( 36 ), 2303095 .

He, B. B. ; Yang, J. H. ; Liu, Y. ; Xie, X. H. ; Hao, H. J. ; Xing, X. L. ; Liu, W. G . An in situ -forming polyzwitterion hydrogel: towards vitreous substitute application . Bioact. Mater. , 2021 , 6 ( 10 ), 3085 – 3096 .

Tian, S. ; Li, Y. ; Zhang, H. ; Lu, G. M. ; Li, R. Q. ; Yu, J. Y. ; Zhao, C. ; Yang, J. ; Zhang, L . Amphiphilic marine antifouling coatings based on zwitterion-modified silicone polymers . Langmuir , 2025 , 41 ( 1 ), 1037 – 1046 .

Liu, M. ; Zhang, X. Y. ; Guo, H. S. ; Zhu, Y. N. ; Wen, C. Y. ; Sui, X. J. ; Yang, J. ; Zhang, L . Dimethyl sulfoxide-free cryopreservation of chondrocytes based on zwitterionic molecule and polymers . Biomacromolecules , 2019 , 20 ( 10 ), 3980 – 3988 .

Yang, M. L. ; Chen, S. ; Zhang, Z. M. ; Cheng, L. ; Zhao, J. ; Bai, R. X. ; Wang, W. B. ; Gao, W. Z. ; Yu, W. ; Jiang, X. S. ; Yan, X. Z . Stimuli-responsive mechanically interlocked polymer wrinkles . Nat. Commun. , 2024 , 15 ( 1 ), 5760 .

Xiang, L. ; Zhang, Y. H. ; Zhao, Z. Q. ; Tao, Y. ; Wang, W. D. ; Liu, J. F. ; Chen, Y. F. ; Jiang, J. Y. ; Zhang, J. W. ; Zeng, H. B . Mechanically robust, superlubricating and antifouling bilayer nanocoating for micro-bioimplants via a dual-function metal coordination approach . ACS Nano , 2025 , 19 ( 1 ), 1316 – 1326 .

Yan, Z. J. ; Yao, M. M. ; Zhao, Z. M. ; Yang, Q. ; Liu, R. ; Liu, B. J. ; Wang, X. Y. ; Chen, L. M. ; Zhang, H. ; Wei, Y. P. ; Yao, F. L. ; Li, J. J . Mechanical-enhanced and durable zwitterionic hydrogel coating for inhibiting coagulation and reducing bacterial infection . Adv. Healthc. Mater. , 2024 , 13 ( 20 ), 2400126 .

Qu, M. H. ; Liu, H. ; Yan, C. Y. ; Ma, S. H. ; Cai, M. R. ; Ma, Z. F. ; Zhou, F . Layered hydrogel with controllable surface dissociation for durable lubrication . Chem. Mater. , 2020 , 32 ( 18 ), 7805 – 7813 .

Zhang, D. ; Tang, Y. J. ; Zhang, Y. X. ; Yang, F. Y. ; Liu, Y. L. ; Wang, X. Y. ; Yang, J. T. ; Gong, X. ; Zheng, J . Highly stretchable, self-adhesive, biocompatible, conductive hydrogels as fully polymeric strain sensors . J. Mater. Chem. A , 2020 , 8 ( 39 ), 20474 – 20485 .

Luo, J. H. ; Shen, Z. X. ; Jian, W. ; Wang, S. B. ; Li, Y. Z. ; Xia, K. S. ; Zheng, S. Y. ; Yang, J. T . A facile strategy to fabricate stretchable, low hysteresis and adhesive zwitterionic elastomers by concentration-induced polymerization for wound healing . Chem. Eng. J. , 2024 , 496 , 153804 .

Hao, H. J. ; Wang, H. L. ; Yu, B. ; Lin, S. ; Xin, M. Y. ; Li, J. R. ; Sun, Y. ; Li, Y. M. ; Yang, J. H. ; Xing, X. L. ; Liu, W. G . A suturable and drug-free polyzwitterionic hydrogel for alleviating scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery . Adv. Healthc. Mater. , 2025 , e02458 .

Wang, H. B. ; Li, H. F. ; Wu, Y. H. ; Yang, J. H. ; Liu, W. G . A high strength, anti-fouling, self-healable, and thermoplastic supramolecular polymer hydrogel with low fibrotic response . Sci. China Technol. Sci. , 2019 , 62 ( 4 ), 569 – 577 .

Wang, Y. B. ; Li, Q. ; Hong, H. ; Yang, S. ; Zhang, R. ; Wang, X. Q. ; Jin, X. ; Xiong, B. ; Bai, S. C. ; Zhi, C. Y . Lean-water hydrogel electrolyte for zinc ion batteries . Nat. Commun. , 2023 , 14 ( 1 ), 3890 .

Gong, Q. ; Hou, L. ; Li, T. Y. ; Jiao, Y. C. ; Wu, P. Y . Regulating the molecular interactions in polymer binder for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries . ACS Nano , 2022 , 16 ( 5 ), 8449 – 8460 .

Ma, Z. Z. ; Zhang, J. L. ; Ma, Z. L. ; Lou, M. H. ; Zou, P. J. ; Wang, H. Q. ; Jia, L. C . A transparent, tough, highly stretchable and self-adhesive zwitterionic dual-network eutectogel for wearable flexible sensors . J. Mater. Chem. A , 2025 , 13 ( 13 ), 9418 – 9427 .

Meng, Z. ; Jiao, Y. C. ; Wu, P. Y . Alleviating side reactions on Zn anodes for aqueous batteries by a cell membrane derived phosphorylcholine zwitterionic protective layer . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2023 , 62 ( 31 ), e202307271 .

Si, M. J. ; Jian, X. F. ; Xie, Y. ; Zhou, J. H. ; Jian, W. ; Lin, J. ; Luo, Y. F. ; Hu, J. Y. ; Wang, Y. J. ; Zhang, D. ; Wang, T. F. ; Liu, Y. J. ; Wu, Z. L. ; Zheng, S. Y. ; Yang, J. T . A highly damping, crack-insensitive and self-healable binder for lithium-sulfur battery by tailoring the viscoelastic behavior . Adv. Energy Mater. , 2024 , 14 ( 14 ), 2303991 .

Wu, M. ; Qiao, C. Y. ; Sui, P. F. ; Luo, J. L. ; Li, Z. L. ; Cao, Y. ; Pei, R. J. ; Peng, X. W. ; Zeng, H. B . Stratum corneum-inspired zwitterionic hydrogels with intrinsic water retention and anti-freezing properties for intelligent flexible sensors . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2025 , 35 ( 31 ), 2422755 .

Xu, S. J. ; Yu, J. X. ; Guo, H. S. ; Tian, S. ; Long, Y. ; Yang, J. ; Zhang, L . Force-induced ion generation in zwitterionic hydrogels for a sensitive silent-speech sensor . Nat. Commun. , 2023 , 14 ( 1 ), 219 .

He, X. M. ; Wang, S. B. ; Zhou, J. H. ; Zhang, D. ; Xue, Y. T. ; Yang, X. X. ; Che, L. B. ; Li, D. Y. ; Xiao, S. W. ; Liu, S. Q. ; Zheng, S. Y. ; Yang, J. T . Versatile and simple strategy for preparing bilayer hydrogels with Janus characteristics . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2022 , 14 ( 3 ), 4579 – 4587 .

Zhang, W. ; Wu, B. H. ; Sun, S. T. ; Wu, P. Y . Skin-like mechanoresponsive self-healing ionic elastomer from supramolecular zwitterionic network . Nat. Commun. , 2021 , 12 ( 1 ), 4082 .

Han, Z. L. ; Chen, S. Y. ; Deng, L. L. ; Liang, Q. Q. ; Qu, X. Y. ; Li, J. ; Wang, B. X. ; Wang, H. P . Anti-fouling, adhesive polyzwitterionic hydrogel electrodes toughened using a tannic acid nanoflower . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2022 , 14 ( 40 ), 45954 – 45965 .

Fang, K. ; Wang, R. ; Zhang, H. ; Zhou, L. J. ; Xu, T. ; Xiao, Y. ; Zhou, Y. ; Gao, G. R. ; Chen, J. ; Liu, D. L. ; Ai, F. R. ; Fu, J . Mechano-responsive, tough, and antibacterial zwitterionic hydrogels with controllable drug release for wound healing applications . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2020 , 12 ( 47 ), 52307 – 52318 .

Wang, Y. Z. ; Chen, F. ; Chen, Q. C. ; Liu, W. ; Huang, Q. H. ; Hou, X. R. ; Li, S. ; Cheng, C. ; Xie, X. D. ; Meng, N. ; Liao, Y. Z . Bioinspired photothermal zwitterionic fibrous membrane for high-efficiency solar desalination and electricity generation . Nat. Commun. , 2025 , 16 ( 1 ), 6373 .

Aleid, S. ; Wu, M. C. ; Li, R. Y. ; Wang, W. B. ; Zhang, C. L. ; Zhang, L. B. ; Wang, P . Salting-in effect of zwitterionic polymer hydrogel facilitates atmospheric water harvesting . ACS Mater. Lett. , 2022 , 4 ( 3 ), 511 – 520 .

Lei, C. X. ; Guan, W. X. ; Guo, Y. H. ; Shi, W. ; Wang, Y. Y. ; Johnston, K. P. ; Yu, G. H . Polyzwitterionic hydrogels for highly efficient high salinity solar desalination . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2022 , 61 ( 36 ), e202208487 .

Peng, B. L. ; Li, M. M. ; Lyu, Q. Q. ; Du, S. ; Wang, P. ; Zhu, J. T. ; Zhang, L. B . Polyzwitterionic hydrogels with tunable interconnected pore structures enabled by ion-induced phase separation . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2025 , e12551 .

Lei, C. X. ; Park, J. ; Guan, W. X. ; Zhao, Y. X. ; Johnston, K. P. ; Yu, G. H . Biomimetically assembled sponge-like hydrogels for efficient solar water purification . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2023 , 33 ( 38 ), 2303883 .

Lei, C. X. ; Guo, Y. H. ; Guan, W. X. ; Lu, H. Y. ; Shi, W. ; Yu, G. H . Polyzwitterionic hydrogels for efficient atmospheric water harvesting . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2022 , 61 ( 13 ), e202200271 .

Wen, C. Y. ; Guo, H. S. ; Bai, H. Y. ; Xu, T. ; Liu, M. ; Yang, J. ; Zhu, Y. N. ; Zhao, W. Q. ; Zhang, J. M. ; Cao, M. Y. ; Zhang, L . Beetle-inspired hierarchical antibacterial interface for reliable fog harvesting . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2019 , 11 ( 37 ), 34330 – 34337 .

Peng, B. L. ; Lyu, Q. Q. ; Gao, Y. J. ; Li, M. M. ; Xie, G. ; Xie, Z. J. ; Zhang, H. C. ; Ren, J. L. ; Zhu, J. T. ; Zhang, L. B. ; Wang, P . Composite polyelectrolyte photothermal hydrogel with anti-biofouling and antibacterial properties for the real-world application of solar steam generation . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2022 , 14 ( 14 ), 16546 – 16557 .

Peng, X. ; Liu, H. L. ; Yin, Q. ; Wu, J. C. ; Chen, P. Z. ; Zhang, G. Z. ; Liu, G. M. ; Wu, C. Z. ; Xie, Y . A zwitterionic gel electrolyte for efficient solid-state supercapacitors . Nat. Commun. , 2016 , 7 , 11782 .

Wang, G. P. ; Ni, H. C. ; Li, Y. F. ; Torun, H. ; Chen, S. ; Shahzad, M. W. ; Zhang, X. H. ; Zheng, S. Y. ; Xu, B. B. ; Yang, J. T . Supramolecular zwitterionic hydrogels for information encryption, soft electronics and energy storage at icy temperature . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2025 , 35 ( 35 ), 2505048 .

Sun, J. Y. ; Zhao, X. H. ; Illeperuma, W. R. K. ; Chaudhuri, O. ; Oh, K. H. ; Mooney, D. J. ; Vlassak, J. J. ; Suo, Z. G . Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels . Nature , 2012 , 489 ( 7414 ), 133 – 136 .

Sun, T. L. ; Kurokawa, T. ; Kuroda, S. ; Ihsan, A. B. ; Akasaki, T. ; Sato, K. ; Haque, M. A. ; Nakajima, T. ; Gong, J. P . Physical hydrogels composed of polyampholytes demonstrate high toughness and viscoelasticity . Nat. Mater. , 2013 , 12 ( 10 ), 932 – 937 .

Duan, S. D. ; Hua, M. T. ; Zhang, C. W. ; Hong, W. ; Yan, Y. C. ; Jazzar, A. ; Chen, C. ; Shi, P. J. ; Si, M. Q. ; Wu, D. ; Lin, Z. S. ; He, P. ; Du, Y. J. ; He, X. M . Noncovalent aggregation for diverse properties in hydrogels: a comprehensive review . Chem. Rev. , 2025 , 125 ( 16 ), 7918 – 7964 .

Zhao, X. H. ; Chen, X. Y. ; Yuk, H. ; Lin, S. T. ; Liu, X. Y. ; Parada, G . Soft materials by design: unconventional polymer networks give extreme properties . Chem. Rev. , 2021 , 121 ( 8 ), 4309 – 4372 .

Gong, J. P. ; Katsuyama, Y. ; Kurokawa, T. ; Osada, Y . Double-network hydrogels with extremely high mechanical strength . Adv. Mater. , 2003 , 15 ( 14 ), 1155 – 1158 .

Okumura, Y. ; Ito, K . The polyrotaxane gel: a topological gel by figure-of-eight cross-links . Adv. Mater. , 2001 , 13 ( 7 ), 485 – 487 .

Haraguchi, K. ; Takehisa, T . Nanocomposite hydrogels: a unique organic-inorganic network structure with extraordinary mechanical, optical, and swelling/de-swelling properties . Adv. Mater. , 2002 , 14 ( 16 ), 1120 – 1124 .

Dai, X. Y. ; Zhang, Y. Y. ; Gao, L. N. ; Bai, T. ; Wang, W. ; Cui, Y. L. ; Liu, W. G . A mechanically strong, highly stable, thermoplastic, and self-healable supramolecular polymer hydrogel . Adv. Mater. , 2015 , 27 ( 23 ), 3566 – 3571 .

Matsuda, T. ; Kawakami, R. ; Namba, R. ; Nakajima, T. ; Gong, J. P . Mechanoresponsive self-growing hydrogels inspired by muscle training . Science , 2019 , 363 ( 6426 ), 504 – 508 .

Sakai, T. ; Matsunaga, T. ; Yamamoto, Y. ; Ito, C. ; Yoshida, R. ; Suzuki, S. ; Sasaki, N. ; Shibayama, M. ; Chung, U. I . Design and fabrication of a high-strength hydrogel with ideally homogeneous network structure from tetrahedron-like macromonomers . Macromolecules , 2008 , 41 ( 14 ), 5379 – 5384 .

Wang, H. L. ; Liu, H. ; Wang, H. Y. ; Li, Y. M. ; Yang, J. H . Recent advances in high-strength zwitterionic polymer hydrogels: from zwitterionic properties to mechanical reinforcement strategies . Trans. Tianjin Univ. , 2025 , doi: 10.1007/s12209-025-00440-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-025-00440-6 .

姜纯强 , 闫嘉倩 , 冯继芳 , 高建平 , 许国贺 . 高分子增强水凝胶的制备策略及机理 . 高分子通报 , 2023 ( 4 ), 446 – 458 .

徐思瑞 , 杜淼 , 郑强 , 吴子良 . 物理缔合增韧水凝胶及其黏弹行为研究进展 . 高分子通报 , 2025 , 38 ( 2 ), 354 – 369 .

Leng, C. ; Sun, S. W. ; Zhang, K. X. ; Jiang, S. Y. ; Chen, Z . Molecular level studies on interfacial hydration of zwitterionic and other antifouling polymers in situ . Acta Biomater. , 2016 , 40 , 6 – 15 .

He, X. M. ; Zhang, D. ; Wu, J. H. ; Wang, Y. ; Chen, F. ; Fan, P. ; Zhong, M. Q. ; Xiao, S. W. ; Yang, J. T . One-pot and one-step fabrication of salt-responsive bilayer hydrogels with 2D and 3D shape transformations . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2019 , 11 ( 28 ), 25417 – 25426 .

Shao, Q. ; Jiang, S. Y . Molecular understanding and design of zwitterionic materials . Adv. Mater. , 2015 , 27 ( 1 ), 15 – 26 .

Blackman, L. D. ; Gunatillake, P. A. ; Cass, P. ; Locock, K. E. S . An introduction to zwitterionic polymer behavior and applications in solution and at surfaces . Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2019 , 48 ( 3 ), 757 – 770 .

Gao, L. R. ; Varley, A. ; Gao, H. ; Li, B. W. ; Li, X. H . Zwitterionic hydrogels: from synthetic design to biomedical applications . Langmuir , 2025 , 41 ( 5 ), 3007 – 3026 .

Wang, S. B. ; Zhang, D. ; Zhou, J. H. ; He, X. M. ; Zheng, S. Y. ; Yang, J. T . Zwitterionic ionogels with water-mediated stiffness transition for shape memory and moisture electric generation . Nano Energy , 2024 , 120 , 109166 .

Wang, S. B. ; He, X. M. ; Wang, G. P. ; Zheng, S. Y. ; Yang, J. T . Multiresponsive bilayer hydrogel actuator with switchable shape morphing capability and visible color/fluorescence change . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2024 , 16 ( 26 ), 34125 – 34134 .

Zhou, J. H. ; Xia, K. S. ; Li, Y. T. ; Mao, S. H. ; Gu, Y. C. ; Si, M. J. ; Wang, S. B. ; Du, G. Y. ; Xu, Y. S. ; Zhang, D. ; Zheng, S. Y. ; Yang, J. T . Zwitterionic nanocapsule-based wound dressing with the function of gradient release of multi-drugs for efficient wound healing . J. Mater. Chem. B , 2023 , 11 ( 30 ), 7197 – 7208 .

Luo, J. H. ; Zhao, K. C. ; Wang, S. B. ; Chen, Y. F. ; Che, L. B. ; Chen, X. Z. ; Zhang, D. ; Yang, J. T. ; Yin, H. B . A universal zwitterionic cross-linking strategy for designing conductive soft electronics with enhanced mechanical properties . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2024 , 16 ( 40 ), 54706 – 54715 .

Lowe, A. B. ; McCormick, C. L . Synthesis and solution properties of zwitterionic polymers . Chem. Rev. , 2002 , 102 ( 11 ), 4177 – 4190 .

Brown, M. U. ; Triozzi, A. ; Emrick, T . Polymer zwitterions with phosphonium cations . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2021 , 143 ( 17 ), 6528 – 6532 .

Wang, Z. Y. ; Chen, D. Y. ; Wang, H. Y. ; Bao, S. Y. ; Lang, L. P. ; Cui, C. Y. ; Song, H. T. ; Yang, J. H. ; Liu, W. G . The unprecedented biodegradable polyzwitterion: a removal-free patch for accelerating infected diabetic wound healing . Adv. Mater. , 2024 , 36 ( 30 ), 2404297 .

Wu, J. ; Lin, W. F. ; Wang, Z. ; Chen, S. F. ; Chang, Y . Investigation of the hydration of nonfouling material poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance . Langmuir , 2012 , 28 ( 19 ), 7436 – 7441 .

Shao, Q. ; He, Y. ; White, A. D. ; Jiang, S. Y . Difference in hydration between carboxybetaine and sulfobetaine . J. Phys. Chem. B , 2010 , 114 ( 49 ), 16625 – 16631 .

He, Y. ; Hower, J. ; Chen, S. F. ; Bernards, M. T. ; Chang, Y. ; Jiang, S. Y . Molecular simulation studies of protein interactions with zwitterionic phosphorylcholine self-assembled monolayers in the presence of water . Langmuir , 2008 , 24 ( 18 ), 10358 – 10364 .

Li, Q. S. ; Wen, C. Y. ; Yang, J. ; Zhou, X. C. ; Zhu, Y. N. ; Zheng, J. ; Cheng, G. ; Bai, J. ; Xu, T. ; Ji, J. ; Jiang, S. Y. ; Zhang, L. ; Zhang, P . Zwitterionic biomaterials . Chem. Rev. , 2022 , 122 ( 23 ), 17073 – 17154 .

Shao, Q. ; Jiang, S. Y . Effect of carbon spacer length on zwitterionic carboxybetaines . J. Phys. Chem. B , 2013 , 117 ( 5 ), 1357 – 1366 .

Si, M. J. ; Wang, Y. J. ; Tang, Y. M. ; Jian, W. ; Lin, J. ; Zheng, S. Y. ; Yang, J. T . Effect of molecular structures on entanglements and mechanics of zwitterionic hydrogels . Macromolecules , 2025 , 58 ( 11 ), 5516 – 5525 .

Weers, J. G. ; Rathman, J. F. ; Axe, F. U. ; Crichlow, C. A. ; Foland, L. D. ; Scheuing, D. R. ; Wiersema, R. J. ; Zielske, A. G . Effect of the intramolecular charge separation distance on the solution properties of betaines and sulfobetaines . Langmuir , 1991 , 7 ( 5 ), 854 – 867 .

Huang, H. ; Zhang, C. C. ; Crisci, R. ; Lu, T. Y. ; Hung, H. C. ; Sajib, M. S. J. ; Sarker, P. ; Ma, J. R. ; Wei, T. ; Jiang, S. Y. ; Chen, Z . Strong surface hydration and salt resistant mechanism of a new nonfouling zwitterionic polymer based on protein stabilizer TMAO . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2021 , 143 ( 40 ), 16786 – 16795 .

Li, B. W. ; Jain, P. ; Ma, J. R. ; Smith, J. K. ; Yuan, Z. F. ; Hung, H. C. ; He, Y. W. ; Lin, X. J. ; Wu, K. ; Pfaendtner, J. ; Jiang, S. Y . Trimethylamine N-oxide-derived zwitterionic polymers: a new class of ultralow fouling bioinspired materials . Sci. Adv. , 2019 , 5 ( 6 ), eaaw9562 .

He, Y. ; Tsao, H. K. ; Jiang, S. Y . Improved mechanical properties of zwitterionic hydrogels with hydroxyl groups . J. Phys. Chem. B , 2012 , 116 ( 19 ), 5766 – 5770 .

Carr, L. ; Cheng, G. ; Xue, H. ; Jiang, S. Y . Engineering the polymer backbone to strengthen nonfouling sulfobetaine hydrogels . Langmuir , 2010 , 26 ( 18 ), 14793 – 14798 .

Wang, H. L. ; Wang, H. Y. ; Chen, D. Y. ; Tian, X. ; Yang, J. H. ; Liu, W. G . Solvent polarity-induced ultrahigh strength supramolecular polyzwitterionic organogels with impact-stiffening, damping, and anti-freezing properties . Small , 2025 , 21 ( 30 ), 2501737 .

Luo, F. ; Sun, T. L. ; Nakajima, T. ; Kurokawa, T. ; Zhao, Y. ; Sato, K. ; Ihsan, A. B. ; Li, X. F. ; Guo, H. L. ; Gong, J. P . Oppositely charged polyelectrolytes form tough, self-healing, and rebuildable hydrogels . Adv. Mater. , 2015 , 27 ( 17 ), 2722 – 2727 .

Zheng, S. Y. ; Zhou, J. H. ; Si, M. J. ; Wang, S. B. ; Zhu, F. B. ; Lin, J. ; Fu, J. M. ; Zhang, D. ; Yang, J. T . A molecularly engineered zwitterionic hydrogel with strengthened anti-polyelectrolyte effect: from high-rate solar desalination to efficient electricity generation . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2023 , 33 ( 43 ), 2303272 .

Shao, Q. ; Mi, L. ; Han, X. ; Bai, T. ; Liu, S. J. ; Li, Y. T. ; Jiang, S. Y . Differences in cationic and anionic charge densities dictate zwitterionic associations and stimuli responses . J. Phys. Chem. B , 2014 , 118 ( 24 ), 6956 – 6962 .

Chen, Y. Y. ; Zhang, C. ; Yin, R. ; Yu, M. H. ; Liu, Y. J. ; Liu, Y. M. ; Wang, H. R. ; Liu, F. H. ; Cao, F. ; Chen, G. Q. ; Zhao, W. W . Ultra-robust, high-adhesive, self-healing, and photothermal zwitterionic hydrogels for multi-sensory applications and solar-driven evaporation . Mater. Horiz. , 2023 , 10 ( 9 ), 3807 – 3820 .

Dong, D. Y. ; Tsao, C. ; Hung, H. C. ; Yao, F. L. ; Tang, C. J. ; Niu, L. Q. ; Ma, J. R. ; MacArthur, J. ; Sinclair, A. ; Wu, K. ; Jain, P. ; Hansen, M. R. ; Ly, D. ; Tang, S. G. ; Luu, T. M. ; Jain, P. ; Jiang, S. Y . High-strength and fibrous capsule-resistant zwitterionic elastomers . Sci. Adv. , 2021 , 7 ( 1 ), eabc5442 .

Huang, K. T. ; Ishihara, K. ; Huang, C. J . Polyelectrolyte and antipolyelectrolyte effects for dual salt-responsive interpenetrating network hydrogels . Biomacromolecules , 2019 , 20 ( 9 ), 3524 – 3534 .

Jiang, J. L. ; Zhao, L . Halometallate ionic liquid dynamically regulates zwitterionic hydrogels by synergistic multiple-bond networks . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2025 , 35 ( 12 ), 2417688 .

Li, X. H. ; Wu, Y. ; Wu, M. D. ; Gao, J. W. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. J. ; Wu, T. L. ; Gao, H . Pure zwitterionic hydrogel with mechanical robustness and dynamic tunability enabled by synergistic non-covalent interactions . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2024 , 34 ( 49 ), 2409594 .

Liu, Q. S. ; Chiu, A. ; Wang, L. H. ; An, D. ; Li, W. C. ; Chen, E. Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Pardo, Y. ; McDonough, S. P. ; Liu, L. Y. ; Liu, W. F. ; Chen, J. ; Ma, M. L . Developing mechanically robust, triazole-zwitterionic hydrogels to mitigate foreign body response (FBR) for islet encapsulation . Biomaterials , 2020 , 230 , 119640 .

Wang, H. Y. ; Liu, B. C. ; Chen, D. Y. ; Wang, Z. Y. ; Wang, H. L. ; Bao, S. Y. ; Zhang, P. ; Yang, J. H. ; Liu, W. G . Low hysteresis zwitterionic supramolecular polymer ion-conductive elastomers with anti-freezing properties, high stretchability, and self-adhesion for flexible electronic devices . Mater. Horiz. , 2024 , 11 ( 11 ), 2628 – 2642 .

Yao, M. M. ; Wei, Z. J. ; Li, J. J. ; Guo, Z. C. ; Yan, Z. J. ; Sun, X. ; Yu, Q. Y. ; Wu, X. J. ; Yu, C. J. ; Yao, F. L. ; Feng, S. Q. ; Zhang, H. ; Li, J. J . Microgel reinforced zwitterionic hydrogel coating for blood-contacting biomedical devices . Nat. Commun. , 2022 , 13 ( 1 ), 5339 .

Yin, H. Y. ; King, D. R. ; Sun, T. L. ; Saruwatari, Y. ; Nakajima, T. ; Kurokawa, T. ; Gong, J. P . Polyzwitterions as a versatile building block of tough hydrogels: from polyelectrolyte complex gels to double-network gels . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2020 , 12 ( 44 ), 50068 – 50076 .

Peng, S. J. ; Wang, H. ; Zhao, W. ; Xin, Y. J. ; Liu, Y. ; Yu, X. R. ; Zhan, M. X. ; Shen, S. ; Lu, L. G . Zwitterionic polysulfamide drug nanogels with microwave augmented tumor accumulation and on-demand drug release for enhanced cancer therapy . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2020 , 30 ( 23 ), 2001832 .

Yu, X. R. ; Liu, J. S. ; Xin, Y. J. ; Zhan, M. X. ; Xiao, J. ; Lu, L. G. ; Peng, S. J . Temperature and salt responsive zwitterionic polysulfamide-based nanogels with surface regeneration ability and controlled drug release . Polym. Chem. , 2019 , 10 ( 47 ), 6423 – 6431 .

Xiao, S. W. ; Zhang, Y. X. ; Shen, M. X. ; Chen, F. ; Fan, P. ; Zhong, M. Q. ; Ren, B. P. ; Yang, J. T. ; Zheng, J . Structural dependence of salt-responsive polyzwitterionic brushes with an anti-polyelectrolyte effect . Langmuir , 2018 , 34 ( 1 ), 97 – 105 .

Wang, T. ; Wang, X. W. ; Long, Y. C. ; Liu, G. M. ; Zhang, G. Z . Ion-specific conformational behavior of polyzwitterionic brushes: exploiting it for protein adsorption/desorption control . Langmuir , 2013 , 29 ( 22 ), 6588 – 6596 .

Sun, W. G. ; Xu, Z. ; Qiao, C. D. ; Lv, B. X. ; Gai, L. G. ; Ji, X. X. ; Jiang, H. H. ; Liu, L. B . Antifreezing proton zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte via ionic hopping and grotthuss transport mechanism toward solid supercapacitor working at –50 ℃ . Adv. Sci. , 2022 , 9 ( 27 ), 2201679 .

Yang, J. B. ; Xu, Z. ; Wang, J. J. ; Gai, L. G. ; Ji, X. X. ; Jiang, H. H. ; Liu, L. B . Antifreezing zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte with high conductivity of 12.6 mS cm –1 at –40 ℃ through hydrated lithium ion hopping migration . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2021 , 31 ( 18 ), 2009438 .

Ren, J. Y. ; Chen, G. Q. ; Yang, H. L. ; Zheng, J. X. ; Li, S. N. ; Zhu, C. J. ; Yang, H. ; Fu, J . Super-tough, non-swelling zwitterionic hydrogel sensor based on the hofmeister effect for potential motion monitoring of marine animals . Adv. Mater. , 2024 , 36 ( 48 ), 2412162 .

Fan, C. C. ; Xu, Z. Y. ; Wu, T. L. ; Cui, C. Y. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, B. ; Yang, J. H. ; Liu, W. G . 3D printing of lubricative stiff supramolecular polymer hydrogels for meniscus replacement . Biomater. Sci. , 2021 , 9 ( 15 ), 5116 – 5126 .

Deng, Y. M. ; Zhou, J. H. ; Si, M. J. ; Wang, G. P. ; Tang, Y. M. ; Zhang, Z. R. ; Hu, J. Y. ; Wang, Y. J. ; Yang, J. T. ; Zheng, S. Y . Ferric salt-mediated tough zwitterionic hydrogel . Macromolecules , 2025 , 58 ( 6 ), 2860 – 2869 .

Tang, Y. M. ; Si, M. J. ; Wang, Y. J. ; Zhou, J. H. ; Deng, Y. M. ; Xia, K. S. ; Jiang, Z. ; Zhang, D. ; Zheng, S. Y. ; Yang, J. T . Endocytosis-inspired zwitterionic gel tape for high-efficient and sustainable underoil adhesion . Adv. Sci. , 2024 , 11 ( 42 ), 2407501 .

Ning, J. Y. ; Li, G. ; Haraguchi, K . Synthesis of highly stretchable, mechanically tough, zwitterionic sulfobetaine nanocomposite gels with controlled thermosensitivities . Macromolecules , 2013 , 46 ( 13 ), 5317 – 5328 .

Yang, B. W. ; Yuan, W. Z . Highly stretchable, adhesive, and mechanical zwitterionic nanocomposite hydrogel biomimetic skin . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2019 , 11 ( 43 ), 40620 – 40628 .

Si, M. J. ; Tang, Y. M. ; Xu, C. ; Li, C. Y. ; Xia, K. S. ; Xu, W. ; Lin, J. ; Jiang, Z. ; Yang, J. T. ; Zheng, S. Y . Developing tough, fatigue-resistant and conductive hydrogels via in situ growth of metal dendrites . Mater. Horiz. , 2025 , 12 ( 5 ), 1452 – 1462 .

Li, X. H. ; Tang, C. J. ; Liu, D. ; Yuan, Z. F. ; Hung, H. C. ; Luozhong, S. ; Gu, W. C. ; Wu, K. ; Jiang, S. Y . High-strength and nonfouling zwitterionic triple-network hydrogel in saline environments . Adv. Mater. , 2021 , 33 ( 39 ), 2102479 .

Zheng, S. Y. ; Mao, S. H. ; Yuan, J. F. ; Wang, S. B. ; He, X. M. ; Zhang, X. N. ; Du, C. ; Zhang, D. ; Wu, Z. L. ; Yang, J. T . Molecularly engineered zwitterionic hydrogels with high toughness and self-healing capacity for soft electronics applications . Chem. Mater. , 2021 , 33 ( 21 ), 8418 – 8429 .

Bao, S. Y. ; Wang, H. Y. ; Liu, B. C. ; Huang, C. H. ; Deng, J. G. ; Ren, W. J. ; Li, Y. M. ; Yang, J. H . Hydrogen-bonding-crosslinked polyzwitterionic hydrogels with extreme stretchability, ultralow hysteresis, self-adhesion, and antifreezing performance as flexible self-powered electronic devices . Trans. Tianjin Univ. , 2025 , 31 ( 1 ), 15 – 28 .

Kim, J. ; Zhang, G. G. ; Shi, M. ; Suo, Z. G . Fracture, fatigue, and friction of polymers in which entanglements greatly outnumber cross-links . Science , 2021 , 374 ( 6564 ), 212 – 216 .

Song, X. Z. ; Man, J. ; Wang, X. J. ; Wang, J. L. ; Zhang, Y. Q. ; Li, J. Y. ; Li, J. F. ; Chen, Y. G . Pure zwitterionic hydrogels with high entanglement reinforcement for biomedical applications . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2025 , 17 ( 34 ), 48094 – 48110 .

Wei, L. X. ; Yang, Y. ; Qiu, X. Y. ; Shen, J. ; Zhao, Y. M. ; Zhang, X. L. ; Hu, B. H. ; Yang, T. ; Fu, H. C. ; Chen, S. ; Huang, J . Self-polymerized tough and high-entanglement zwitterionic functional hydrogels . Small , 2024 , 20 ( 50 ), 2405789 .

Yin, H. Y. ; You, M. ; Shi, X. L. ; Yu, H. ; Chen, Q . New insights into pure zwitterionic hydrogels with high strength and high toughness . Mater. Horiz. , 2024 , 11 ( 16 ), 3946 – 3960 .

浏览量

369

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

物理缔合增韧水凝胶及其黏弹行为研究进展

高强韧水凝胶纤维研究进展

高强韧明胶水凝胶研究进展

聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)导电水凝胶神经电子界面