柔性可拉伸应变传感器结构设计与研究进展

吴铛; 陈迪龙; 杨新航; 林若鹏; 史博; 罗晓玲

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.25.347

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柔性可拉伸应变传感器结构设计与研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-03-02

- 柔性可拉伸应变传感器结构设计与研究进展
- Structural Design and Research Advances in Flexible and Stretchable Strain Sensors
- 高分子通报 2026年39卷第3期页码：376-387
- 作者机构：
  
  广东石油化工学院材料科学与工程学院　茂名　 525000
- 作者简介：
  
  luo_xiaoling@outlook.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(52303312);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515010382);茂名市科技专项资金项目(2022S040);广东石油化工学院校级科研项目(2025rcyj1011);广东省学位与研究生教育改革研究项目(2024JGXM_135);广东石油化工学院研究生科技创新计划项目(2024KJCX050)
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.25.347
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-11-24，
  
  录用：2026-01-02，
  
  网络首发：2026-02-12，
  
  纸质出版：2026-03-20
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
吴铛, 陈迪龙, 杨新航, 林若鹏, 史博, 罗晓玲. 柔性可拉伸应变传感器结构设计与研究进展. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(3), 376-387.

Wu, D.; Chen D. L.; Yang, X. H.; Lin, R. P.; Shi, B.; Luo, X. L. Structural design and research advances in flexible and stretchable strain sensors. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(3), 376-387.
吴铛, 陈迪龙, 杨新航, 林若鹏, 史博, 罗晓玲. 柔性可拉伸应变传感器结构设计与研究进展. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(3), 376-387. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.25.347.

Wu, D.; Chen D. L.; Yang, X. H.; Lin, R. P.; Shi, B.; Luo, X. L. Structural design and research advances in flexible and stretchable strain sensors. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(3), 376-387. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.25.347.

摘要

柔性可拉伸应变传感器的性能提升日益依赖于多维度结构设计，以克服其导电性与拉伸性之间的本征矛盾。本文系统综述了从二维平面到三维空间的创新结构策略及其对应变感知行为的内在调控机制。研究表明，二维结构(如岛桥、微裂纹、蛇形/花形、周期性拓扑、皱纹/波浪形)通过面内几何优化实现应力的重新分布与功能单元保护；三维结构(如多孔/网络、多层、

核壳、嵌段、螺旋)则借助空间形变机制有效耗散应变能，显著扩展了器件的形变适应性与信号稳定性。多尺度结构设计的协同效应，推动了传感器性能的重大突破，使其拉伸范围最高可达800%，应变系数超过5000，且耐久性可达10

次循环。然而，该领域仍面临一系列挑战，包括结构−性能定量关系缺失、多重性能指标间的固有权衡、复杂三维结构的可控制备困难，以及环境适应性不足等。未来发展应聚焦于人工智能辅助的理性设计、跨维度仿生构型创新、动态自适应系统构建，并推进精密制造工艺与长效可靠性研究，以推动柔性传感技术从实验室创新走向实际应用。

Abstract

The performance enhancement of flexible and stretchable strain sensors is increasingly reliant on multi-dimensional structural design to overcome the inherent trade-off between conductivity and stretchability. This article systematically reviews innovative structural strategies

from two-dimensional (2D) planes to three-dimensional (3D) spaces

and their intrinsic regulation mechanisms for strain-sensing behaviors. Research indicates that 2D structures (

e.g.

island-bridge

microcrack

serpentine/fractal topology

wrinkle/wavy) achieve stress redistribution and protect functional units through in-plane geometric optimization. In contrast

3D structures (

e.g.

porous/network

multilayer

core-shell

segmented

and helical) effectively dissipate strain energy

via

spatial deformation mechanisms

significantly expanding the deformation adaptability and signal stability of the devices. The synergistic effects of multi-scale structural design have led to major breakthroughs in sensor performance

achieving a maximum stretchability of up to 800%

a gauge factor exceeding 5000

and durability of over 10

cycles. However

the field still faces challenges

including the lack of quantitative structure-property relationships

inherent compromises between multiple performance metrics

difficulties in the controllable fabrication of complex 3D structures

and insufficient environmental adaptability. Future development should focus on AI-assisted rational design

innovative cross-dimensional bio-inspired architectures

the construction of dynamic adaptive systems

advances in precision manufacturing processes

and long-term reli

ability studies

thereby facilitating the transition of flexible sensing technology from laboratory innovation to practical application.

关键词

Keywords

references

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