磺化介孔二氧化硅的制备及其对聚碳酸酯阻燃与透明性能的调控

韩亚玺; 刘怡青; 牛雪颖; 李志伟

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.062

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磺化介孔二氧化硅的制备及其对聚碳酸酯阻燃与透明性能的调控

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-07-06

- 磺化介孔二氧化硅的制备及其对聚碳酸酯阻燃与透明性能的调控
- Preparation of Sulfonated Mesoporous Silica and Its Regulation on Flame Retardancy and Transparency of Polycarbonate
- 高分子通报 2026年39卷第7期页码：1216-1227
- 作者机构：
  
  河南大学纳米杂化材料应用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心　开封 475004
  河南大学纳米科学与工程研究院　开封 475004
  河南大学化学与分子科学学院　开封 475004
- 作者简介：
  
  zhiweili@henu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.062
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-02-04，
  
  录用：2026-03-23，
  
  网络首发：2026-06-17，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-20
- 稿件说明：
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韩亚玺, 刘怡青, 牛雪颖, 李志伟. 磺化介孔二氧化硅的制备及其对聚碳酸酯阻燃与透明性能的调控. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(7), 1216–1227.

Han, Y. X.; Liu, Y. Q.; Niu, X. Y.; Li, Z. W. Preparation of sulfonated mesoporous silica and its regulation on flame retardancy and transparency of polycarbonate. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(7), 1216–1227.
韩亚玺, 刘怡青, 牛雪颖, 李志伟. 磺化介孔二氧化硅的制备及其对聚碳酸酯阻燃与透明性能的调控. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(7), 1216–1227. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.062.

Han, Y. X.; Liu, Y. Q.; Niu, X. Y.; Li, Z. W. Preparation of sulfonated mesoporous silica and its regulation on flame retardancy and transparency of polycarbonate. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(7), 1216–1227. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.062.

摘要

为了提高聚碳酸酯(PC)阻燃性的同时保持其优良的光学透明度与机械完整性，设计了一种磺化介孔二氧化硅(m-SiO

-SN)纳米微球阻燃剂。通过将磺酸盐基团化学接枝到介孔二氧化硅的外表面及内部孔道，实现了高达26 wt%的磺酸盐接枝量，并利用化学键合作用有效克服了水溶性磺酸盐易迁移和析出的缺陷。研究结果表明，在0.3 wt%的超低负载量下，PC/m-SiO

-SN复合材料的极限氧指数提升至36%，达到UL-94 V-0等级，且峰值热释放速率、总热释放量和生烟量显著降低。同时，该复合材料在室温水中浸泡72 h后仍能保持UL-94 V-0等级，表明介孔二氧化硅骨架有效抑制了磺酸盐基团在水环境中的迁移流失。机理研究揭示，m-SiO

-SN能够抑制可燃挥发物的释放并促进致密、高石墨化程度保护性炭层的形成，发挥气相与凝聚相的协同阻燃作用。此外，低负载量的m-SiO

-SN未损害PC的拉伸性能及光学透明度，复合材料保留了纯PC约95%的透光率。

Abstract

To enhance the flame retardancy of polycarbonate (PC) while preserving its excellent optical transparency and mechanical integrity

a sulfonated mesoporous silica (m-SiO

-SN) nanosphere flame retardant was designed. By chemically grafting sulfonate groups onto both the external surface and internal channels of mesoporous silica

a high sulfonate grafting content of 26 wt% was achieved. The robust chemical bonding effectively overcame the drawbacks of migration and leaching

which are typical of water-soluble sulfonates. Studies showed that at an ultralow loading of 0.3 wt%

the PC/m-SiO

-SNcomposite exhibited a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 36% and achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating

accompanied by significant reductions in peak heat release rate

total heat release

and smoke production. Notably

the composite maintained its UL-94 V-0 rating even after immersion in water at room temperature for 72 h

confirming that the mesoporous silica framework effectively inhibited the migration and loss of sulfonate groups in aqueous environments. Mechanistic investigations revealed that m-SiO

-SN exerted synergistic gas-phase and condensed-phas

e flame-retardant effects by suppressing the release of combustible volatiles and promoting the formation of a dense

highly graphitized protective char layer. Furthermore

the incorporation of m-SiO

-SN at low loadings did not compromise the tensile properties or optical transparency of PC

retaining approximately 95% of the light transmittance of neat PC.

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