轻质橡胶材料的构筑策略、结构调控与应用进展

孙佳乐; 荣明明; 牛丽红; 李小红; 张治军

doi:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.083

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轻质橡胶材料的构筑策略、结构调控与应用进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-07-06

- 轻质橡胶材料的构筑策略、结构调控与应用进展
- Construction Strategies, Structural Regulation and Application Progress of Lightweight Rubber Materials
- 高分子通报 2026年39卷第7期页码：1108-1127
- 作者机构：
  
  河南大学纳米科学与工程研究院　开封 475001
  河南大学化学与分子科学学院　开封 475001
  河南大学纳米科学与材料工程学院　开封 475001
- 作者简介：
  
  mingming.rong@henu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  河南省科技攻关项目(252102230042);河南大学重大科技任务协同创新团队重大工程项目
- DOI：10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.083
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-04-03，
  
  录用：2026-04-28，
  
  网络首发：2026-06-17，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-20
- 稿件说明：
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孙佳乐, 荣明明, 牛丽红, 李小红, 张治军. 轻质橡胶材料的构筑策略、结构调控与应用进展. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(7), 1108–1127.

Sun, J. L.; Rong, M. M.; Niu, L. H.; Li, X. H.; Zhang, Z. J. Construction strategies, structural regulation and application progress of lightweight rubber materials. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(7), 1108–1127.
孙佳乐, 荣明明, 牛丽红, 李小红, 张治军. 轻质橡胶材料的构筑策略、结构调控与应用进展. 高分子通报, 2026, 39(7), 1108–1127. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.083.

Sun, J. L.; Rong, M. M.; Niu, L. H.; Li, X. H.; Zhang, Z. J. Construction strategies, structural regulation and application progress of lightweight rubber materials. Polym. Bull. (in Chinese), 2026, 39(7), 1108–1127. DOI： 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2026.26.083.

摘要

轻质橡胶材料通过结构轻质化设计与低密度填料复合，在实现密度降低的同时保持橡胶的弹性、耐久性及多功能特性，已成为汽车、航空航天、建筑等领域的重要研究方向。本综述围绕轻质橡胶材料的构筑策略、结构调控机制与工程应用进展，系统综述了近年来相关研究成果。首先，介绍了化学发泡、物理发泡(尤其是超临界CO

发泡)、低密度填料复合、气凝胶/纳米骨架混成以及3D打印等典型构筑路径，比较分析了不同策略的结构特征与密度调控能力。其次，从泡孔结构演化、界面应力传递及密度-性能耦合关系等方面，阐述了轻质化对力学、热学及声学性能的影响机制。进一步梳理了轻质橡胶材料在汽车密封与减振、电池隔热、航空航天防护以及建筑隔热隔声等领域的应用现状，并分析了规模化制备中面临的力学性能衰减、结构稳定性与工艺一致性等关键问题。最后，从多尺度结构设计、结构-功能一体化与绿色可持续制备等方面展望了未来发展方向。本文旨在为高性能轻质橡胶材料的结构设计及工程应用提供理论依据及技术参考。

Abstract

Lightweight rubber materials

through structural lightweight design and compounding with low-density fillers

can reduce density while maintaining the elasticity

durability

and multifunctional properties of rubber

and have become an important research direction in the automotive

aerospace

and construction industries. This paper systematically reviews the relevant research results in recent years

focusing on the construction strategies

structural regulation mechanisms

and engineering application progress of lightweight rubber materials. First

it introduces typical construction paths

such as chemical foaming

physical foaming (especially supercritical CO

foaming)

low-density filler compounding

aerogel/nano-skeleton hybridization

and 3D printing

and comparatively analyzes the structural characteristics and density regulation capabilities of different strategies. Second

it elaborates on the influence mechanism of lightweighting on the mechani

cal

thermal

and acoustic properties from the aspects of cell structure evolution

interfacial stress transfer

and density-performance coupling relationship. Furthermore

this review presents the application status of lightweight rubber materials in automotive sealing and vibration reduction

battery heat insulation

aerospace protection

and building heat and sound insulation

and analyzes the key issues in large-scale preparation

such as mechanical property attenuation

structural stability

and process consistency. Finally

it looks forward to the future development directions from the aspects of multi-scale structural design

structure-function integration

and green and sustainable preparation. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the structural design and engineering applications of high-performance lightweight rubber materials.

关键词

Keywords

references

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