Approaches fo r preparat ion and characterization of the polymer surfactants are briefly described. The relationship between surface activity and conformation of polymer surfactant in aqueous solution is emphatically discussed. It is thought that the formation of mono-/multi-molecular micelle for polymer surfactant will loss its surface activity in aqueous solution. The design principles of polymer surfactant are suggested. Several struture models of polymer surfactant with both high molecular weight and high surface activity are designed.