Ionic liquids (ILs) are non-volatile

non-flammable and easy-to-recycle organic salts and therefore are viewed as potential replacements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and used as green solvents and efficient reaction media to reduce/eliminate environmental problems in chemistry and process industries. In recent years

ILs have been successful used in polymerization reactions not only to diminish the problems resulted from VOCs but also to recycle catalysts and purify polymeric products

to more efficiently control polymerization process and the structure and properties of resultant polymers

and even to directly catalyze polymerizations. This article reviews recent advances in polymerization conducted in ionic liquid media.