supernormal-valence transitionmetal cations could form redox initiat ing systems with various reducing agents for the radical polymerization. This review covers (1) the electronic config uration and complex structure of commonly used superno rmal-valence transition metal cations; (2) the redox initiatiation mechanism of supernormal-valence transition metal cations with amides and alcohols; (3)the tailor-made synthesis of graft
block
hyperbranched and star-shaped polymers based on the supernormal-valence transition metal cations-catalyzed redox initiation.