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浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系,杭州 310027;太原理工大学材料科学与工程学院,太原 030024
*郑强,E-mail:zhengqiang@zju.edu.cn.
纸质出版日期:2022-04-20,
收稿日期:2021-11-30,
修回日期:2021-12-31,
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郑强. 塑料与“白色污染”刍议[J]. 高分子通报, 2022,35(4):1-10.
Qiang ZHENG. A Tentative Discussion on Plastics and "White Pollution"[J]. Polymer Bulletin, 2022,35(4):1-10.
郑强. 塑料与“白色污染”刍议[J]. 高分子通报, 2022,35(4):1-10. DOI: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2022.04.001.
Qiang ZHENG. A Tentative Discussion on Plastics and "White Pollution"[J]. Polymer Bulletin, 2022,35(4):1-10. DOI: 10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2022.04.001.
塑料的应用已涉及人类生活和现代工业的方方面面
因大量使用塑料产品引起的废旧塑料“白色污染”成为社会各界关注的热点问题。本文回顾了塑料的来源、发展及其存在的重要性。在阐释塑料降解(降解塑料)的基本科学术语及概念的基础上
对涉一次性使用塑料制品的相关表述进行了澄清。提出“禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料制品”的表述是准确的、科学的;而改述为“禁止使用一次性不可降解塑料制品”是不科学、不专业的。探讨了“白色污染”概念的由来与废旧塑料的回收处理方式
认为“白色污染”既与塑料的“轻”“薄”特色有关
也与塑料价廉有关
更与人们的行为规范与社会管理有关。提出要在逐步实施“禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料制品”的同时
大力推动塑料使用方式的变革
即减少并限制“一次性塑料制品”的生产和使用
倡导“多次使用”、“长期使用”
重视可降解塑料制品的有序回收和处理。提出塑料制品使用失效的“引发降解”和“可控降解”新概念
强调我国高性能多功能塑料的研发
尤其是解决若干卡脖子的高端塑料专用料的研发
依然任重道远
必须加大力度
并与发展非石油基、生物基为原料的高分子材料相辅相成
互为补充
不可偏颇。
Plastics have been applied in all aspects of human life and modern industry. The "
white pollution
" of waste plastics caused by the large-scale use of plastic products has become a central issue for all walks of life. This paper reviews the origin
development
and significance of plastics. By interpretating the basic science of plastic degradation (degradable plastics)
expressions related to disposable plastic products have been clarified. The author proposes that the expression "
ban on non-degradable disposable plastic products
" is accurate and scientific
while arbitrarily rewriting it as "
ban on disposable non-degradable plastic products
" is unprofessional
wrong
and should be corrected. Moreover
the author puts forwards that the origin of "
white pollution
" concept is related to the recycling and treatment methods of waste plastics. The bad reputation of plastics aroused from "
white pollution
" is not only related to the light and thin characteristics of plastics
but also related to the norms of human behavior and social ethics. It is fair to claim that the "
white pollution
" stigma should not be attached to plastics if they were not used as good and cheap disposable products
especially if they were not discarded indiscriminately after use. Along with the gradual implementation of the ban on nondegradable disposable plastic products
the author advocates transformative ways for plastics use
including reduction and restriction in the production and use of disposable plastics
promotion of the multiple use and long-term use of plastics
and acceleration of the orderly recycling of disposable plastics. Furthermore
the author proposes new concepts of initiated/ switchable degradation and controlled/programmable degradation. Lastly
the author emphasizes the significance and urgency to develop high-performance and multi-functional plastics
particularly the bottleneck of high-end materials
which should be complementary to non-petroleum-based and bio-based polymer materials.
塑料一次性制品可降解/不可降解石油基“白色污染”
PlasticsDisposable productsDegradation/non-degradationPetroleum-based"White pollution"
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