The surface properties of biomaterials play a decisive role in the realization of their biocompatibility and biological functions. Diversified interface properties can be imparted to the biomaterial surfaces by surface modification through polymers. The introduction of reactive and functional units on those polymer chains could integrate multifunction and ultimately determine the application area of biomaterials. This review summarized the recent developments in the polymer-modified biomaterials surface and its related research and proposed some current challenges in the field.